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chemistry
organic chemistry

Questions and Answers of Organic Chemistry

What is meant by the term pairing energy? How do the relative values of pairing energy and crystal field splitting determine whether a complex is low-spin or high-spin?
A cobalt complex whose composition corresponded to the formula Co(NO2)2Cl ∙ 4NH3 gave an electrical conductance equivalent to two ions per formula unit. Excess silver nitrate solution immediately
For the following coordination compounds, identify the geometric isomer(s) of compound X.
Describe step by step how the name potassium hexacyanoferrate( II) leads to the structural formula K4[Fe(CN)6].
For the complexes shown here, which would have the d electron distribution shown in the diagram below: [MF6]3, [M(CN)6]3, [MF6]4, [M(CN)6]4? Note that the neutral metal atom, M, in each complex is
Find the oxidation numbers of the transition metal in each of the following compounds: a. FeCO3 b. MnO2 c. CuCl2 d. CrO2Cl2
Find the oxidation numbers of the transition metal in each of the following compounds: a. CoSO4 b. Ta2O5 c. Cu2(OH)3Cl
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of iron(II) ion with nitrate ion in acidic solution. Nitrate ion is reduced to NO.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sulfurous acid with dichromate ion.
Give the coordination number of the transition-metal atom in each of the following complexes. a. [Au(CN)4]– b. [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3 c. [Au(en)2]Cl3 d. [Cr(en)2(C2O4)]+
Give the coordination number of the transition element in each of the following complexes. a. [Ni(NH3)6](ClO3)2 b. [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 c. [Cr(en)3]Cl3 d. K2[Ni(CN)4]
Determine the oxidation number of the transition elementin each of the following complexes.a. K2[Ni(CN)4]b. [Mo(en)3]3+c. [Cr(C2O4)3]3d. [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2
For each of the following complexes, determine the oxidationstate of the transition-metal atom.a. [CoCl(en)2(NO2)]NO2b. [PtCl4]2c. K3[Cr(CN)6]d. [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+
Consider the complex ion [Cr(NH3)2Cl2(C2O4)] .a. What is the oxidation state of the metal atom?b. Give the formula and name of each ligand in the ion.c. What is the coordination number of the metal
Consider the complex ion [Mn(NH3)2(H2O)3(OH)]2+.a. What is the oxidation state of the metal atom?b. Give the formula and name of each ligand in the ion.c. What is the coordination number of the metal
Write the IUPAC name for each of the following coordination compounds. a. K3[FeF6] b. [Cu(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ c. (NH4)2[Fe(H2O)F5] d. [Ag(CN)2]–
Name the following complexes, using IUPAC rules. a. K4[Mo(CN)8] b. [CrF6]3– c. [V(C2O4)3]2– d. K2[FeCl4]
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following. a. [Fe(CO)5] b. [Rh(CN)2(en)2]+ c. [Cr(NH3)4SO4]Cl d. [MnO4]–
Palladium and platinum are very similar to one another. Both are unreactive toward most acids. However, nickel, which is in the same column of the periodic table, is an active metal. Explain why this
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following. a. [W(CO)8] b. [Co(H2O)2(en)2](SO4)3 c. K[Mo(CN)8] d. [CrO4]2–
Write the structural formula for each of the following compounds.a. Potassium hexacyanomanganate(III)b. Sodium tetracyanozincate(II)c. Tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III) nitrated. Hexaamminechromium(III)
Give the structural formula for each of the following complexes. a. Diaquadicyanocopper(II) b. Potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV) c. Tetraamminenickel(II) perchlorate d. Tetraammineplatinum(II)
Draw cis–trans structures of any of the following square planar or octahedral complexes that exhibit geometric isomerism. Label the drawings cis or trans. a. [Pd(NH3)2Cl2] b. [Pd(NH3)3Cl]+ c.
If any of the following octahedral complexes display geometric isomerism, draw the structures and label them cis or trans. a. [Co(NO2)4(NH3)2]– b. [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ c. [Co(NH3)6]3+ d. [Cr(NH3)5Cl]2+
Determine whether there are optical isomers of any of the following. If so, sketch the isomers. a. cis-[Co(NH3)2(en)2]3+ b. trans-[IrCl2(C2O4)2]3
Sketch mirror images of each of the following. From these sketches, determine whether optical isomers exist and note this fact on the drawings. a. [Rh(en)3]3+ b. cis-[Cr(NH3)2(SCN)4]–
Using crystal field theory, sketch the energy-level diagram for the d orbitals in an octahedral field; then fill in the electrons for the metal ion in each of the following complexes. How many
Using crystal field theory, sketch the energy-level diagram for the d orbitals in an octahedral field; then fill in the electrons for the metal ion in each of the following complexes. How many
Obtain the distribution of d electrons in the complex ions listed below, using crystal field theory. Each ion is either tetrahedral or square planar. On the basis of the number of unpaired electrons
Obtain the distribution of d electrons in the complex ions listed below, using crystal field theory. Each ion is either tetrahedral or square planar. On the basis of the number of unpaired electrons
The [Co(NH3)6]3+ ion has a yellow color, but when one NH3 ligand is replaced by H2O to give [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+, the color shifts to red. Is this shift in the expected direction? Explain.
The [Co(en)3]3+ ion has a yellow color, but the [CoF6]3 ion has a blue color. Is the shift from yellow to blue expected when ethylenediamine ligands are replaced by F– ligands? Explain.
What is the value of Δ (in kJ/mol) when λ = 500 nm, corresponding to an electron jump between d-orbital levels in a complex with d1 configuration?
What is the value of Δ (in kJ/mol) when λ = 680 nm, corresponding to an electron jump between d-orbital levels in a complex with d1 configuration?
The tetraaquazinc(II) ion, [Zn(H2O)4]2+, is colorless. Explain why this might be expected.
There are only two geometric isomers of the tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III) ion, [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+. How many geometric isomers would be expected for this ion if it had a regular planar hexagonal
There are only two geometric isomers of the triamminetrichloroplatinum(IV) ion, [Pt(NH3)2Cl3]+. How many geometric isomers would be expected for this ion if it had a regular planar hexagonal
Find the concentrations of Cu2+ (aq), NH3 (aq), and [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) at equilibrium when 0.10 mol Cu2+(aq) and 0.40 mol NH3(aq) are made up to 1.00 L of solution. The dissociation constant, Kd, for
Find the concentrations of Ag+(aq), NH3(aq), and [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) at equilibrium when 0.10 mol Ag+(aq) and 0.10 mol NH3(aq) are made up to 1.00 L of solution. The dissociation constant, Kd, for the
Why is EDTA added to commercial mayonnaise and salad dressings? Explain what is happening.
What accounts for the special stability of chelates? Explain this in terms of an example.
Describe the functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the body. What is similar and what is different about the two functions?
Describe the mechanism of the cooperative release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin.
Consider the complex ion [CoCO3(NH3)4]+, where theCO32– is a bidentate ligand. a. Is this complex ion octahedral or square planar? b. What is the oxidation state of the cobalt?
Does the complex ion [Co(en)2Cl2]+ have cis-trans geometric isomers?
Draw each of the following to determine if they have optical isomers? a. Ir(en)33+ b. [Ir(H2O)3Cl3]
Describe the structure of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. What color change occurs when the salt is heated? What causes the color change?
The complex [Fe(en)2Cl2]Cl is low spin. a. What is the geometry of the complex ion? b. What is the oxidation state of the Fe? c. Are there geometric isomers, and is the compound optically active?
Consider the complex ion [CoF6]3–. a. What is the geometry? b. Which is a more likely color for this ion to absorb, red or blue? c. Would you expect this complex to be high or low spin?
Write the formula and draw the structure of cis-tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III).
You are studying an octahedral transition metal complex that contains the Co2+ ion and discover that it has a strong absorption in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Would you suspect (not
Consider the low-spin complex ions [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and [Mn(CN)6]4–. a. Name them. b. Determine the number of unpaired electrons. c. Indicate which complex ion would absorb the highestfrequency light.
Copper(II) ion in basic solution is reduced by formaldehyde, HCHO, to copper(I) oxide. Formaldehyde is oxidized to formate ion, HCOO. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Write the condensed structural formula for the following alkane.
Write the structural formula of a. Ethylbenzene; b. 1,2-diphenylethane.
Give the IUPAC name of the following compound.
Name the following compounds by IUPAC rules:a.b.
Decide whether cis–trans isomers are possible for each of the following compounds. If isomers are possible, draw the structural formulas. a. CH3CHPCHCH2CH2CH3 b. CH3CH2CHPCH2
Predict the main product when HBr adds to
What is the IUPAC name for each of the following hydrocarbons?a.b.
Write the condensed structural formula of 3,3-dimethyloctane
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following compounds.a.b.
Write the condensed structural formula of 2,5-dimethyl-2-heptene.
In the model shown here, C atoms are black and H atoms are light blue.a. Write the molecular formula.b. Write the condensed structural formula.
In the model shown here, C atoms are black and H atoms are light blue.a. Write the molecular formula.b. Write the condensed structural formula.c. Write the IUPAC name
Give the molecular formula of an alkane with 30 carbon atoms.
Write the structure of propylbenzene. Write the structure of p-dichlorobenzene.
What is a functional group? Give an example and explain how it fits this definition.
Fill in the following table. Compound Source Use Methanol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Glycerol Formaldehyde
Identify and name the functional group in each of the following.a. CH3COCH3 b. CH3OCH2CH3c. CH3CHPCH2 d. CH3CH2COOHe. CH3CH2CHO f. CH3CH2CH2OH
You are distilling a barrel of oil that contains the hydrocarbons listed in Table 23.4. You heat the contents of the barrel to 200oC.a. What molecules will no longer be present in your sample of
A classmate tells you that the following compound has the name 3-propylhexane.a. Is he right? If not, what error did he make and what is the correct name?b. How could you redraw the condensed formula
Catalytic cracking is an industrial process used to convert high-molecular-mass hydrocarbons to low-molecularmass hydrocarbons. A petroleum company has a huge supply of heating oil stored as
In the following four models, C atoms are black, H atoms are light blue, O atoms are red, and N atoms are dark blue:a. Write the molecular formula of each molecule. b. Write the condensed
In the models shown here, C atoms are black and H atoms are light blue:a. Write the molecular formula of each molecule.b. Write the condensed structural formula for each molecule.c. Give the IUPAC
Consider the following formulas of two esters:One of these is ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) and one is methyl propanoate (methyl propionate). Which is which?
Write the condensed formula of the following alkane.
If there are geometric isomers for the following, draw structural formulas showing the isomers.a. CH3CH2CHPCHCH2CH3b.
Draw structural formulas of an alkane, a cycloalkane, an alkene, and an aromatic hydrocarbon, each with seven carbon atoms.
One or both of the following have geometric isomers. Draw the structures of any geometric isomers.a.b.
Complete and balance the following equations. Note any catalyst used.a. C2H4 + O2 †’b.c. CH2 = CH2 + BR2 †’ d.
Complete and balance the following equations. Note any catalyst used.a. C4H10 + O2 †’b.c. CH2 = CH2 + HBr †’ d. e.
What is the major product when HBr is added to methylpropene?
Complete the following equation, giving only the main product.
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following hydrocarbons.a.b. c. d.
What is the IUPAC name of each of the following compounds?a.b. c. d.
Write the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2,3-dimethylhexane b. 3-ethylhexane c. 2-methyl-4-isopropylheptane d. 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentane
Explain why there are two isomers of 2-butene. Draw their structural formulas and name the isomers.
Write the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2,2-dimethylpentane b. 3-ethyl-2-methylhexane c. 3-ethyl-4-methyloctane d. 3,4,4,5-tetramethylheptane
Give the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 3-ethyl-2-pentene b. 4-ethyl-2-methyl-2-hexene
Write the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene b. 2-methyl-4-propyl-3-heptene
Write structural formulas for (a) 1,1,1-triphenylethane; (b) o-ethylmethylbenze
Draw structural formulas for the isomers of ethylmethylbenzene.
Write structural formulas for (a) 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; (b) p-diethylbenzene.
Circle and name the functional group in each compound.a.b. c. d.
Circle and name the functional group in each compound.a.b. c. d.
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following.a. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3b.c. d.
Write the IUPAC name for each of the following.a.b. c. d.
State whether each of the following alcohols is primary, secondary, or tertiary.a.b. c. d.
Classify each of the following as a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.a.b. c. d.

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