Explain how each of the following events would affect the federal government budget deficit, as it is measured by the government. Be sure to distinguish between one-time effects and permanent effects, if appropriate.
a. The Congress decides to sell the Grand Canyon to a consortium of private investors who will operate private tourist enterprises.
b. Congress appropriates $500 million for construction of a new bridge next year. Toll revenue will result in $10 million per year during the fifty year life of the bridge.
c. Congress passes a bill to privatize the National Park Service, granting rights to the Marriott Corporation to run the park service in all national parks.
d. Congress decides to completely privatize the Social Security program, removing all federal government involvement with payroll taxes, provision of benefits, and trust fund balances.