Figure 5.16 shows a simplified timing diagram for a DRAM read operation over a bus. The access time is considered to last from t1 to t2. Then there is a recharge time, lasting from t2 to t3, during which the DRAM chips will have to recharge before the processor can access them again.
a. Assume that the access time is 60 ns and the recharge time is 40 ns. What is the memory cycle time? What is the maximum data rate this DRAM can sustain, assuming a 1-bit output?
b. Constructing a 32-bit wide memory system using these chips yields what data transfer rate?

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Address lines Row address Column address RAS CAS R/W Data lines Data out valid Figure 5.16 Simplified DRAM Read Timing