In step 2 of the citric acid cycle (Figure), cis-aconitate reacts with water to give (2R, 3S)-isocitrate.
Question:
In step 2 of the citric acid cycle (Figure), cis-aconitate reacts with water to give (2R, 3S)-isocitrate. Does ?OH add from the Re face of the double bond or from the Si face? What about ?H? Does the addition of water occur with syn or anti geometry?
O Acetyl CoA adds to H3C SCOA oxaloacetate in an aldol Acetyl CoA reaction to give citrate. HSCOA HO co, .co co2 Oxaloacetate Citrate O Citrate is isomerized by dehydration and rehydration to give isocitrate. O Oxidation of (St-malate gives oxaloacotate, completing the cycie. NADHVH NAD н сот но "O,C. co, "0,C. Co H OH (S)-Malate (L-malate) Isocitrate O Fumarate undergoes conjugate addition of water to its double bond to give (S-malate. NAD* O lsocitrate undorgoes oxidation and decarboxylation to give a-kotoglutarato. NADHH H20 + co2 H. co, "O2C. co, a-Ketoglutarate Fumarate HSCOA Oa-Ketoglutarate is decar- boxylated, oxidized, and converted into the thioester + NAD O Succinate is dehydro genated by FAD to give fumarate. FADH2 NADHVH + Co2 FAD succinyl CoA. CO HSCOA .co, COAS, Succinate GTP GDP Succinyl CoA 6 Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate in a reaction coupled to the phosphorylation of GDP to give GTP. H20 co, "02C. "02C. .co, H OH Н cis-Aconitate (2R,3S)-Isocitrate
Step by Step Answer:
Addition of OH The top face is the Re face and OH adds from this fac...View the full answer
Related Video
Lemon juice preserves apples by slowing down the oxidation process. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen reacts with certain substances, such as apples. When an apple is cut or bitten, oxygen is exposed to the inside of the apple and causes enzymes in the apple to turn brown, which is an indication of oxidation. The browning process is caused by the production of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes that convert phenolic compounds into quinones, which then polymerize to form the brown pigments. One of the compounds present in lemon juice is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants work by neutralizing the free radicals that cause oxidation. When lemon juice is applied to apples, the ascorbic acid in the lemon juice reacts with the PPO enzymes and slows down the browning process. You can do an experiment by cutting apples into small pieces, leaving one apple piece in contact with air and the others covered with lemon juice and compare the browning process. This will help to understand the antioxidation process in fruits.
Students also viewed these Organic Chemistry questions
-
Write mechanisms for step 2 of the citric acid cycle, the dehydration of citrate and the addition of water to aconitate.
-
The citric acid cycle can be divided into two phases with respect to the oxidation of acetyl- CoA. Describe each phase and write its balanced equation.
-
The first step in the citric acid cycle is reaction of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to give citrate. Propose a mechanism, using acid or base catalysis asneeded. "O2C. 02C H .co2 CO SCOA Citrate...
-
Explain why the coffee shop manager should measure elasticity using the mid-point method in his calculations.
-
Financial models normally are said to be in balance when total assets equal total liabilities plus shareholders' equity on the balance sheet. How are financial models often forced to balance...
-
Deanas Services Company had account balances as follows: Accounts payable ......... $ 9,900 Accounts receivable ........ 26,950 Cash ............... 11,390 Fees earned ............. 70,800 Insurance...
-
Continuation of S10-5: cash budget (Learning Objective 3) Refer to S10-5. Grippers has $8,300 cash on hand on January 1. The company requires a minimum cash balance of $7,500. January cash...
-
Manual Company sells goods to Nolan Company during 2012. It offers Nolan the following rebates based on total sales to Nolan. If total sales to Nolan are 10,000 units, it will grant a rebate of 2%....
-
What would be the derivative? 4x - 3x2 f (ac ) 72 2
-
New Endor Airlines Database New Endor Airlines (NEA) is the premier aviation service in the small island nation of New Endor, located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. For the 40 years since its...
-
Write a mechanism for the conversion of -ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA in step 4 of the citric acid cycle(Figure). O Acetyl CoA adds to oxaloacetate in an aldol H3C SCOA Acetyl CoA reaction to give...
-
The primary fate of acetyl CoA under normal metabolic conditions is degradation in the citric acid cycle to yield CO2. When the body is stressed by prolonged starvation, however, acetyl CoA is...
-
What is meant by the explained variation? How is it computed?
-
What is the general finding from cross-cultural studies of words used to describe emotions?
-
Discuss the relationship between the CEO and Board of Directors. Open the discussion by explaining distinctions, or overlap, between these roles, for instance, if the CEO is also the board chair....
-
5. One insurance company, which is not listed on the stock market, purchases and takes over of a financial technology company that is highly anticipated in the future. The managers of the insurance...
-
How do I interpret a negative ROE % if the net income is positive, but stockholders equity is negative
-
Explain why more highly geared banks are more likely to fail. Critically assess gearing as one of the underlying causes of the financial crisis of 2008.
-
\(\{3\}\) For the following exercises, calculate the total number of subsets of each set.
-
The Pletcher Transportation Company uses a responsibility reporting system to measure the performance of its three investment centers: Planes, Taxis, and Limos. Segment performance is measured using...
-
Redo Problem 14.13 using Aspen Plus. Problem 14.13 Equal amounts of pure nitrogen and pure oxygen, each at 3000 K and 1 bar, are continuously fed into a chemical reactor, and the reactor effluent,...
-
Suggest a sequence of reactions suitable for preparing each of the following compounds from the indicated starting material. You may use any necessary organic or inorganic reagents. (a) 1-Propanol...
-
Two different compounds having the molecular formula C8H15Br are formed when 1,6- dimethylcyclohexene reacts with hydrogen bromide in the dark and in the absence of peroxides. The same two compounds...
-
On catalytic hydrogenation over a rhodium catalyst, the compound shown gave a mixture containing cis-1-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane (88%) and trans-1-tert-butyl-4 methylcyclohexane (12%). (a) What...
-
Contingent Liabilities at Johnson & Johnson Values: Estimated Lawsuit Settlement: $5,000,000 Legal Costs Incurred: $1,000,000 Probability of Settlement: 70% Requirements: Apply the conservatism...
-
The balance sheet of XYZ Ltd. on December 31, 2023, is provided below: Item Amount ($) Accounts Payable 1,630,000 Notes Payable 1,610,000 Accrued Expenses 1,490,000 Total Current Liabilities ?...
-
Determine the cost of goods sold if a company's beginning inventory was $40,000, purchases during the period amounted to $150,000, and the ending inventory was valued at $50,000. Discuss the...
Study smarter with the SolutionInn App