John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842€“1919), is known as the last person to understand all of physics and all of mathematics. He invented an improved foghorn. To warn ships of a coastline, a foghorn should radiate sound in a wide horizontal sheet over the ocean€™s surface. It should not waste energy by broadcasting sound upward. It should not emit sound downward, because the water in front of the foghorn would reflect that sound upward. Rayleigh€™s foghorn trumpet is shown in Figure Q38.6. Is it installed in the correct orientation? Decide whether the long dimension of the rectangular opening should be horizontal or vertical, and argue for your decision.

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