Karl Niklas and T.G. Owens examined the differences in a particular plant, Plantago Major L., when grown in full sunlight versus shade conditions. In this study, shaded plants received direct sunlight for less than 2 hours each day, whereas full-sun plants were never shaded. A partial summary of the data based on n1 = 16 full-sun plants and n2 = 15 shade plants is shown here:

a. What assumptions are required in order to use the small-sample procedures given in this chapter to compare full-sun versus shade plants? From the summary presented, do you think that any of these assumptions have been violated?
b. Do the data present sufficient evidence to indicate a difference in mean leaf area for full-sun versus shade plants?
c. Do the data present sufficient evidence to indicate a difference in mean overlap area for full-sun versus shade plants?

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Full Sun Shade 蒫 Leaf Area (cm 128.00 3.00 78.70 1.70 Overlap Area (cm 46.80 2.2 8.10 126 9.75 2.27 6.93 1.49 Thickness (mm) 90 0 5002 8.70 164 8.9 1.23 5.24 98 34 61 Leaf Number Length (cm) Width (cm