Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions

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A worker stands on top of a moving railroad car, and throws a heavy ball straight up (from this point of view). Ignoring air resistance, will the ball land on the car or behind it?
Does the earth really go around the sun? Or is also valid to say that the sun goes around the earth? Discuss in view of the first principle of relativity (that there is no best reference frame). Explain.
If you were on a spaceship traveling at 0.5c away from a star, at what speed would the straight pass you?
The time dilation effect is sometimes expressed as ‘’moving clocks run slowly’’ Actually effect has nothing to do with motion affecting the functioning of clocks. What then does it deal with?
Does time dilation mean that time actually passes more slowly in moving reference frames or that it only seems to pass more slowly?
A young-looking woman astronaut has just arrived home from a ling trip. She rushes up to an old gray-haired man and in this ensuing conversion refers to him as her son.How might this be possible?
If you were traveling away from earth at speed 0.5c, would you notice a change in your heartbeat? Would your mass, height, or waistline change? What would observers on earth using telescope say about you?
Do time dilation and length contraction occur at ordinary speeds, say 90 km/h?
Suppose the speed of light were infinite. What would happen to the relativistic predication of length contraction and time dilation?
Discuss how our everyday lives would be different if the speed of light were only 25m/s.
Explain how the length contraction and time dilation formulas might be used to indicate that c is the limiting speed in the universe.
The drawing at the start of this chapter shows the street as seen by Mr. Tompkins, for whom the speed of the light y is c = 20min/h. What does Mr. Tompkins look like to the peoples standing on the street (Fig. 26-11)? Explain.
An electron is limited to travel at speeds less than c. does this put an upper limit on the momentum of an electron? If so, what is this upper limit? If not, explain.
Can a particles of nonzero rest mass attain the speed of light?
Does the equation E = mc2 conflict with the conversion of energy principle? Explain.
If mass is a form of energy, does this mean that a spring has mass when compressed than when relaxed?
It is not correct to say that ‘’ matter can neither be created nor destroyed,’’ what must we say instead?
Is our intuitive notion that velocities simply add, as we did in section 3-8, completely wrong?
A spaceship passes you at a speed of 0.750c.You measure its lengths to be 28.2m. How would it be when at rest?
A certain type of elementary particle travels at a speed of 2.70 X 10-6s. What is the particle’s lifetime at rest?
Lengths and time intervals depend on the factorAccording to the theory of relativity (Eqs.26-1 and 26-3) Evaluate this factor for speeds of:(a) x = 0.200c(typical speed of a satellite);(b) v = 0.020c ;(c) v = 0.200c;(d) v = 0.95c;(e) v = 0.98c;(f) v = 0.999c.
If you were to travel to a star 125 light-years from earth at a speed of 2.50 X 108 m/s, what would you measure this distance to be?
What is the speed of a pion if its average lifetime is measure to be 4.10 X 10-8s? At rest, its average lifetime is 2.60 X 10-8s.
In an earth reference frame, a star is 82 light-years away. How fast would you have to travel so that to you the distance would be only 35 light-years?
Suppose you decide to travel to a star 85 light-years away at a speed that tells you the distance is only 25 light-years. How many years would it take you make the trip?
At what speed v will the length of a 1.00-m stick look 10.0% shorter (90.0cm)?
Escape velocity from the earth is 40,000 km/h. what would be the percent decreases in length of a 95.2-m-long spacecraft traveling at that speed?
At what speed does the relativistic formula for (a) Length and (b) Tine intervals differ from classical values by 1.00%?(This is a reasonable way to estimates when to do relativistic calculation rather then classical.)
Suppose a news report stated that starship enterprise had just returned from a 5-year voyage while traveling at 0.84c. (a) If the repot meant 5.0 years earth time. How much time elapsed on the ship? (b) If the report meant 5.0 years of ship time, how much the passed on earth?
Certain a star is 10.6 light-year away how ling would it take a spacecraft traveling 0.960x to reach that stay from earth. As measured by observers: (a) On earth, (b) On the spacecraft? (c) What is distance traveled according to observers on the spacecraft? (d) What will the spacecraft occupants
A friend speeds by you in her ‘’ Ferrari’’ spacecraft at a speed of 0.660c. It is measured in your frame to be 4.80m long and 1.25m high. (a) What will be its length and height at rest? (b) How many seconds would you say elapsed on your friend’s watch when 20.0s passed on yours? (c) How
How fast must an average pion be moving to travel 15m before it decays? The average lifetime, at rest, is 2.6 X 10-8s.
What is the momentum of a proton traveling at v = 0.85c?
At what speed will an object’s relativistic mass be twice its rest mass?
A particle of rest mass mo travels at a speed v = 0.20c. At what speed will its momentum be double?
(a) A particle travels at v = 0.10c. By what percentage will a calculation of its momentum be wrong if you use the classical formula? (b) Repeat for v = 0.50c.
What is the percent chance in momentum of a proton that acceleration (a) From 0.45c to 0.90c, (b) 0.90c to 0.98c?
A certain chemical reaction requires 4.82 X 104 J of energy input for it to go. What is the increase in mass of the products over the reactants?
When a uranium nucleus at rest breaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor, the resulting fragment have a total kinetic energy of about 200 MeV. How much mass lost in the process?
Calculation the rest energy of an electron in joules and in MeV (1 MeV = 1.60 X 10-13 J),
Calculation the rest mass of a proton in MeV/c2
The total annual energy consumption in the United States is about 8 X 1019 J. How much mass would have to be converted to energy to fuel this need?
How much energy can be obtained from conversion of 1.0gram of mass? How much mass could this energy rise to a height of 0.25km above the earth’s surface?
What is the speed of a particle when its kinetic energy equals its rest energy?
At what speed will an object’s kinetic energy be 25% of its rest energy?
(a) How much work is required to acceleration a proton from rest up to a speed of 0.997c? (b) What would be the momentum of this proton?
Calculation the kinetic energy and momentum of a proton traveling 2.60 X 108 m/s?
What is the momentum of a 750-MeV proton (that is, its kinetic energy is 750 MeV?
What is the speed of a proton accelerated by a proton tail difference of 105 MV?
What is the speed of an election whose kinetic energy is 1.00 MeV?
What is the speed of an electron just before it hits a television screen after accelerated rest by the 25,000V of the picture tube?
Tow identical particles of rest mass m0 approach each other at equal and opposite speed v. the collision is completely inelastic and results in a single particle at rest. What is the rest mass of the new particle? How much energy was lost in the collision? How much kinetic energy is lost in the
Calculation the speed of a proton (mo = 1.67 X 10-27kg) whose kinetic energy is exactly half. (a) Its total energy (b) Its rest energy.
What is the speed and the momentum of an electron (m = 9.11 X 10-31kg) whose Kinetic energy equals its rest energy?
Suppose a spacecraft of mass 27,000 kg is accelerated to 0.21c. (a) How much kinetic energy would it have? (b) If you use the classical formula for kinetic energy, by what percentage would you be in error?
Calculation the kinetic energy and momentum of a proton (mo = 1.67 X 10-27Kg) traveling 7.35 X 107 m/s. by what percentage would your calculation have been in error if you had use classical formula?
The americium nucleus 241/95Am Decays to a neptunium nucleus 237/93 Np, by emitting an alpha particle of mass 4.00260u and kinetic energy 5.5 MeV estimate the mass of the neptunium nucleus, ignoring its recoil, given that the americium mass is 241.05682u.
An electron (mo = 9.11 X 10-31Kg) is accelerated from rest to speed v potential energy decrease by 6.60 X 10-14 J. determine the electron’s speed, v.
Make group of the kinetic energy versus momentum for (a) A particle of nonzero rest mass, and (b) A particle with zero rest mass.
What magnetic field intensity is needed to keep 998-GeV protons revolving in a circle of radius 1.0km (at say, the Fermi lab synchrotron)? Use the relativistic mass. The proton’s rest mass is 0.938GeV/c2 (1GeV = 109 eV.)
A person on a rocket traveling at 0.50c (with respect to the earth) observers a meteor come from behind and pass her at a speed she measure as 0.50c. How fast is the meteor moving with respect to the earth?
Two spaceships leave earth in opposite direction each with a speed of 0.50c with respect to earth. (a) What is the velocity of spaceship 1 relative to spaceship 2? (b) What is the velocity of spaceship 2 relative to spaceship 1?
A spaceship leaves earth traveling at 0.71c. At second spaceship leaves the first at a speed of 0.87c with respect to the first. Calculation the speed of the second ship with respect to earth if it is fired (a) In the same direction the first spaceship is already moving, (b) Backward toward earth.
An observer on earth sees an alien vessel approach at a speed of 0.60c. The enterprise comes to the rescue (fig. 26-12), overtaking the aliens while moving directly toward earth at a speed of 0.90c relative to earth. What is the relative speed of on vessel as seen by the other?
A spaceship in distress sends out two escape pod in opposite direction. One travels at a speed v1 = -0.60c in one direction, and the other travels at a speed v2 = +0.70c in the other direction, as observed from the spaceship. What speed does the first escape pod measure for the second escape pod?
Rocket a passes earth at a speed of 0.75c. At the same time, rocket B passes earth moving 0.95c relative to earth in the same direction. How fast is B moving relative to A when it passes A?
The nearest star to earth is proximal centaury 4.3 light-year away. (a) At what constant velocity must a spacecraft travels from earth id it sit i reach the star in 4.0 years, as measured by travels on the spacecraft? (b) How long does the trip according to earth observers?
As a rule thumb, anything traveling faster than about 0.1c is called relativistic---i.e., for which the correction using special relativity is a significant effect. Determine the speed of an electron in a hydrogen atom (radius 0.5 X 10-10m) and state if it is relativistic. (Treat the electron as
(a) What is the speed v of an electron whose kinetic energy is 14,000 times its rest energy? You can state difference, c-v such speeds are reached in the Stanford linear accelerator, SLAC, (b) If the electrons travels in the lab through a tube 3.0km ling (as at SLAC), How long is this tube in the
How many grams of matter would have to totally destroy to run a 100-W lightbulb for 1 year?
What minimum amount of electromagnetic energy is needed to produce an electron and positron together? A positron is particle with the same rest mass as an electron, but has the opposite charge.
An electron (m = 9.11 X 10-31 kg) enters a uniform magnetic field B = 1.8T, and moves perpendicular to the field lines with a speed v = 0.92c, what is the radius of curvature of path?
A negative muon traveling at 33% the speed of light collides head on with a positive muon traveling at 50% the speed of light. The two muons (each of rest mass 105.7MeV/c2) Annihilate, and produce how much electromagnetic energy?
A free neutron can decay onto a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. Assume the neutrino’s rest mass is zero the front cover. Determine the total kinetic energy shared among the three particles when a neutron decays at rest.
The sun radiates energy at a rate of about 4 X 1026W. (a) At what rate is the sun’s mass decreasing? (b) How long does it take for the sun to lose a mass equal to that of earth? (c) Estimate how long the sun could last if it radiated constantly at this rate.
An unknown particle is measured to have negative charged and a space of 2.24 X 108m/s. its momentum is determined to be 3.07 X 10-22 Kg m/s. Identify the particle by finding its rest mass?
How much energy would be required to break a helium nucleus into its constituents, two protons and two neutrons? The rest masses of a proton (including an electron), a neutron, and helium are, respectively, 1.00783u, 1.00867u, and 4.00260u. (This energy is called the total binding energy of the 4
What is the percentage increase in the (relativistic) mass of a car traveling 110km/h as compared to at rest?
Two protons, each having a speed of 0.935c in the laboratory, are moving toward each other. Determine (a) The momentum of each proton in the laboratory. (b) The total momentum of the two protons in the laboratory, (c) The momentum of one proton as seen by the other proton.
Show analytically that a particle with momentum p and energy E has a speed given by
The fictional starship enterprise obtains its power by combining matter and antimatter, achieving complete conversion of mass into energy. If the mass of the enterprise is approximately 5 X 109 kg. How much mass must be converted into kinetic energy to accelerate it from rest to one-tenth the speed
An electron is accelerated so that is kinetic energy is greater than its rest energy moc2 factor of (a) 5.00, (b) 999. What is the speed of the electron in each case?
A farm boy studding physics believes that he can fit a 15.0-m-long pole into a 12.0-m-long barn if he runs fast enough (carrying the pole). Can he do it? Explain in detail. How does this fit when the idea that when he is running the barn looks even shorter to him than 12.0m?
When two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen react to form two mole of water the energy released is 484Kj. How much does the mass of the elements decrease in this process? What % of the total original mass of the system does this mass changes represent?
In a nuclear reaction two identical particles are created. Traveling in opposite direction If the speed of each particle is 0.75c, relative to the laboratory frame of reference, what is one particle’s speed relative to the other particle?
As astronaut on a spaceship traveling at 0.75c relative to earth measure his ship to be 25m long on the ship, he eats his lunch in 24 min. (a) What length is the spaceship according to observers on earth? (b) How long does the astronaut’s lunch take to eat according to observers on earth?
You are traveling in a spaceship at a speed of 0.85c away from earth. You send a laser beam toward the earth traveling at velocity c relative to you. What do observers on the earth measures for the speed of the laser beam?
A spaceship and its occupant have a total mass of 150,000kg. The occupant would like to travels to a star that is 25 light-years away at a speed of 0.60c. to accelerated, the engine of the spaceship changes mass directly to energy. How much mass will be converted to energy to accelerate the
Suppose a 12,500-kg spaceship left earth at a speed of 0.99c. What is the spaceship’s kinetic energy? Compare with the total U.S annual energy consumption about 1020 J).
A 42,000-Kg spaceship is to travel to the vicinity of a star 6.0 light-years from earth. Passengers on the ship want the (one-way) trip to take on more than 1.0 year. How much work must be done one the spaceship to bring it to the speed necessary for this trip?
A 1.68-kg mass oscillates on the end of a spring whose spring stiffness constant is k = 48.7N/m. If this system is in a spaceship moving past earth at 0.900c, what is its period of oscillation according to? (a) Observers on the ship, and (b) Observers on earth?
A pi meson of read mass m decays at rest into muon (rest mass mU) and neutrino of negligible or zero rest mass, show that the kinetic energy of the muon is KEu = ( M- Mu)2c2/2m
What can be said about the relative temperatures of whitish-yellow, reddish, and bluish stars? Explain
If energy if radiated by all object, why can we not see them in the dark?
Does a lightbulb at a temperature of 2500K produce as white a light as the Sun at 6000K? Explain.
Darkrooms for developing black-and-white film were sometimes lit by a red bulb. Why red? Would such a bulb work in a darkroom for developing color photographs?
If the threshold wavelength in the photoelectric effect increases when the emitting metal is changed to a different metal, what can you say about the work functions of the two metals?
Explain why the existence of a cutoff frequency in the photoelectric effect more strongly favors a particle theory rather than a wave theory of light.
UV light causes sunburn, whereas visible light does not. Suggest a reason.
If an X-ray photon is scattered by an electron, does its wavelength change? If so, does it increase or decrease?

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Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions

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