Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction 9th edition William D. Callister Jr., David G. Rethwisch - Solutions

A steel wire is stretched with a stress of 70 MPa (10,000 psi) at 20°C (68°F). If the length is held constant, to what temperature must the wire be heated to reduce the stress to 17 MPa (2500 psi)?
If a cylindrical rod of brass 150.00 mm long and 10.000 mm in diameter is heated from 20°C to 160°C while its ends are maintained rigid, determine its change in diameter. Hint: You may want to consult Table 6.1.
The two ends of a cylindrical rod of nickel 120.00 mm long and 12.000 mm in diameter are maintained rigid. If the rod is initially at 70°C, to what temperature must it be cooled in order to have a 0.023-mm reduction in diameter?
Which of the following sets of properties leads to a high degree of thermal shock resistance? (A) High fracture strength High thermal conductivity High modulus of elasticity High coefficient of thermal expansion (B) Low fracture strength Low thermal conductivity Low modulus of elasticity Low
To what temperature would 23.0 kg of some material at 100°C be raised if 255 kJ of heat is supplied? Assume a cp value of 423 J/kg-K for this material.(A) 26.2°C(B) 73.8°C(C) 126°C(D) 152°C
For copper, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv at 20 K is 0.38 J/mol-K and the Debye temperature is 340 K. Estimate the specific heat for the following:(a) at 40 K(b) at 400 K
A rod of some material 0.50 m long elongates 0.40 mm on heating from 50°C to 151°C. What is the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material?(A) 5.30 ( 10-6 (°C)-1(B) 7.92 ( 10-6 (°C) -1(C) 1.60 ( 10-5 (°C) -1(D) 1.24 ( 10-6 (°C) -1
A copper wire 15 m (49.2 ft) long is cooled from 40°C to -9°C (104°F to 15°F). How much change in length does it experience?
A 0.4-m (15.7-in.) rod of a metal elongates 0.48 mm (0.019 in.) on heating from 20°C to 100°C (68°F to 212°F). Determine the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material.
Briefly explain thermal expansion using the potential energy-versus-interatomic spacing curve.
A coil of wire 0.25 m long and having 400 turns carries a current of 15 A.(a)What is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength H?(b)Compute the flux density B if the coil is in a vacuum.(c)Compute the flux density inside a bar of chromium that is positioned within the coil. The susceptibility
Estimate (a) the saturation magnetization and (b) the saturation flux density of cobalt ferrite [(CoFe2O4)8], which has a unit cell edge length of 0.838 nm.
The chemical formula for copper ferrite may be written as (CuFe2O4)8 because there are eight formula units per unit cell. If this material has a saturation magnetization of 1.35 × 105A/m and a density of 5.40 g/cm3, estimate the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each Cu2+ ion.
The formula for samarium iron garnet (Sm3Fe5O12) may be written in the form Sm3Fe2a Fe3dO12 where the superscripts a, c, and d represent different sites on which the Sm3+ and Fe3+ ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the Sm3+ and Fe3+ ions positioned in a and c sites are oriented
A coil of wire 0.5 m long and having 20 turns carries a current of 1.0 A.(a) Compute the flux density if the coil is within a vacuum.(b)A bar of an iron-silicon alloy, the B-H behavior for which is shown in Figure 20.29, is positioned within the coil. What is the flux density within this
A ferromagnetic material has a remanence of 1.0 tesla and a coercivity of 15,000 A/m. Saturation is achieved at a magnetic field strength of 25,000 A/m, at which the flux density is 1.25 teslas. Using these data, sketch the entire hysteresis curve in the range H = -25,000 to +25,000 A/m. Be sure to
The following data are for a plain carbon steel alloy:(a)Construct a graph of B versus H.(b)What are the values of the initial permeability and initial relative permeability?(c)What is the value of the maximum permeability?(d)At about what H field does this maximum permeability occur?(e)To what
Which of the following pairs of materials displays ferromagnetic behavior? (A) Aluminum oxide and copper (B) Aluminum and titanium (C) MnO and Fe3O4 (D) Iron (α-ferrite) and nickel
A bar of an iron-silicon alloy having the B-H behavior shown in Figure 20.29 is inserted within a coil of wire 0.40 m long and having 50 turns through which passes a current of 0.1 A. (a) What is the B field within this bar? (b)At this magnetic field, (i) What is the permeability? (ii) What is the
Estimate saturation values of H for single-crystal nickel in the [100], [110], and [111] directions.
Assume the silicon-iron (97 Fe, 3 Si) in Table 20.5 just reaches the point of saturation when inserted within the coil in Problem 20.1. Compute the saturation magnetization.
Figure 20.30 shows the B-versus-H curve for a nickel-iron alloy.(a)What is the saturation flux density?(b)What is the saturation magnetization?(c)What is the remanence?(d)What is the coercivity?(e)On the basis of data in Tables 20.5 and 20.6, would you classify this material as a soft or hard
For a superconducting material at a temperature T below the critical temperature TC, the critical field HC(T) depends on temperature according to the relationshipWhere HC(0) is the critical field at 0 K.(a)Using the data in Table 20.7, calculate the critical magnetic fields for lead at 2.5 and 5.0
Using Equation 20.14, determine which of the superconducting elements in Table 20.7 are superconducting at 2 K and a magnetic field of 40,000 A/m.
The magnetization within a bar of some metal alloy is 4.6 ( 105 A/m at an H field of 52 A/m. What is this alloy's magnetic susceptibility?(A) 1.13 ( 10(4(B) 8.85 ( 103(C) 1.11 ( 10(2 H/m(D) 5.78 ( 10(1 tesla
The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 × 105A/m. Compute the following for this material:(a) The magnetic permeability(b) The magnetic susceptibility.(c) What type(s) of magnetism would you suggest is (are) being displayed by this material? Why?
The magnetization within a bar of some metal alloy is 1.2 × 106A/m at an H field of 200 A/m. Compute the following:(a) The magnetic susceptibility,(b) The permeability,(c) The magnetic flux density within this material.(d) What type(s) of magnetism would you suggest is (are) being displayed by
Compute (a) the saturation magnetization and (b) the saturation flux density for iron, which has a net magnetic moment per atom of 2.2 Bohr magnetons and a density of 7.87 g/cm3.
Confirm that there are 1.72 Bohr magnetons associated with each cobalt atom, given that the saturation magnetization is 1.45 × 106A/m, that cobalt has an HCP crystal structure with an atomic radius of 0.1253 nm and a c/a ratio of 1.623
Assume there exists some hypothetical metal that exhibits ferromagnetic behavior and that has (1) a simple cubic crystal structure (Figure 3.3), (2) an atomic radius of 0.125 nm, and (3) a saturation flux density of 0.85 tesla. Determine the number of Bohr magnetons per atom for this material.
What is the energy (in eV) of a photon of light having a wavelength of 3.9 × 10-7 m?(A) 1.61 eV(B) 3.18 eV(C) 31.8 eV(D) 9.44 eV
It is desired that the reflectivity of light at normal incidence to the surface of a transparent medium be less than 5.0%. Which of the following materials in Table 21.1 are likely candidates: soda-lime glass, Pyrex glass, periclase, spinel, polystyrene, and polypropylene? Justify your selections.
The index of refraction of quartz is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. Calculate the reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are
Zincselenide has a band gap of 2.58 eV. Over what range of wavelengths of visible light is it transparent?
The fraction of nonreflected radiation that is transmitted through a 5-mm thickness of a transparent material is 0.95. If the thickness is increased to 12 mm, what fraction of light will be transmitted?
Thetransmissivity T of a transparent material 15 mm thick to normally incident light is 0.80. If the index of refraction of this material is 1.5, compute the thickness of material that will yield a transmissivity of 0.70. All reflection losses should be considered.
A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be: (A) Transparent (B) Translucent (C) Opaque (D) Ferromagnetic
Describe the three absorption mechanisms in nonmetallic materials.
In your own words, briefly describe the phenomenon of photoconductivity.
In your own words, describe how a ruby laser operates.
In ionic materials, how does the size of the component ions affect the extent of electronic polarization?
Compute the velocity of light in diamond, which has a dielectric constant r of 5.5 (at frequencies within the visible range) and a magnetic susceptibility of -2.17 × 10-5.
The indices of refraction of fused silica and polystyrene within the visible spectrum are 1.458 and 1.60, respectively. For each of these materials determine the fraction of the relative dielectric constant at 60 Hz that is due to electronic polarization, using the data of Table 18.5. Neglect any
Using the data in Table 21.1, estimate the dielectric constants for silica glass (fused silica), soda-lime glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene, and compare these values with those cited in the following table. Briefly explain any discrepancies.

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