Please use the tables below to complete drug evaluation for the following question. Nivolumab (Opdivo) is a
Question:
Please use the tables below to complete drug evaluation for the following question.
Nivolumab (Opdivo) is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between programmed death receptor (PD-1) and its legends, PD-L1 and PD-L2 that has FDA approval for the following indication:
- Treatment of patients with unrespectable or metastatic melanoma
[Generic name (Brand®)]
Drug Information | |
Mechanism of Action | |
Requested Indication (approved/unapproved) | |
Route of Administration | |
Dosage Forms | |
Dose | |
Adjustment required in specific population | • Liver • Renal • Not studied • Others, specify ……………………… |
Indicator for pediatrics | • Yes • No • Not Studied • Age group out off |
Pharmacokinetics | |
Absorption | |
Distribution | |
Time To Peak | |
Metabolism | |
Excretion | |
Half Life | |
Others | |
SAFETY | |
Common Adverse Reactions (%) | |
Serious adverse Reactions (%) | |
Drug interactions | |
Contra-indications / Precautions | |
Monitoring Requirements | |
Sound-Alike/ Look-Alike | |
Boxed warning or alerts issued | |
High Alert | • Yes • No |
Handling | • Hazardous/cytotoxic Precaution • None • Others……………… |
Cost | |
Cost/pack | |
Cost/patient/month (or treatment course) |
Table 1: Summary of Published Evidence (Efficacy & Safety)
Ref | Design* | Drug regimens | n | Duration | Outcome Measures | Demographics | Results/Comments | NNT |
1. | 1.[TEXT] 2.[TEXT] 3.[TEXT] 4.[TEXT] | [Arm 1] [Arm 2] [Arm 3] [Arm4] x xxx x xxx | ||||||
2. | 1.[TEXT] 2.[TEXT] 3.[TEXT] 4.[TEXT] | [Arm 1] [Arm 2] [Arm 3] [Arm4] x xxx x xxx | ||||||
3. | 1.[TEXT] 2.[TEXT] 3.[TEXT] 4.[TEXT] | [Arm 1] [Arm 2] [Arm 3] [Arm4] x xxx x xxx | ||||||
4. | 1.[TEXT] 2.[TEXT] 3.[TEXT] 4.[TEXT] | [Arm 1] [Arm 2] [Arm 3] [Arm4] x xxx x xxx | ||||||
*Study design abbreviations: DB=Double Blind, RTC=Randomized Control Trial, PC=Placebo Controlled, PG=Parallel Group, XO=Crossover, MC=Multi-center. NNT (Number needed to treat)=100/Absolute risk reduction, calculated only if P value less than 0.05 (i.e.: statistically significant) |
Summary of evidence:
Efficacy/Safety (details table 1) |
Level 1a | Systematic review of a randomized controlled trials | A | There is good evidence to support the recommendation | |
Level 1b | Individual randomized controlled trial | B | There is fair evidence to support the recommendation | |
Level 2a | Systematic review of cohort studies | C | There is poor or no evidence to support the recommendation | |
Level 2b | Individual cohort study | |||
Level 3a | Systematic review of case-controlled studies | |||
Level 3b | Individual case-control study | |||
Level 4 | Case series | |||
Level 5 | Expert opinion |
Levels of Evidence: Grades of Recommendations
Summary of the evaluation:
Pros | Cons | Uncertainty |
1- | 1- | 1- |
2- | 2- | 2- |
3- | 3- | 3- |
4- | 4- | 4- |
Step by Step Answer:
Income Tax Fundamentals 2013
ISBN: 9781285586618
31st Edition
Authors: Gerald E. Whittenburg, Martha Altus Buller, Steven L Gill