Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercise 2.77. Recall that slices of sandstone blocks were tested for permeability under three conditions: no exposure to any type of weathering (A), repeatedly sprayed with a 10% salt solution (B), and soaked in a 10% salt solution and dried (C).

a. Identify any outliers in the permeability measurements for Group A sandstone slices.

b. Identify any outliers in the permeability measurements for Group B sandstone slices.

c. Identify any outliers in the permeability measurements for Group C sandstone slices.

d. If you remove the outliers detected in parts a-c, how will descriptive statistics like the mean, median, and standard deviation be affected? If you are unsure of your answer, carry out the analysis.