Six patients with renal disease underwent plasmapheresis. Urinary protein excretion (grams of protein per gram of creatinine) was measured for each patient before and after plasmapheresis. The data are given in the following table.38 Use these data to investigate whether or not plasmapheresis affects urinary protein excretion in patients with renal disease.

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Patient Before 20.3 9.3 7.6 6.1 5.8 4.0 8.9 5.9 After 0.8 0.1 3.0 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.9 1.1 Difference 19.5 9.2 4.6 5.5 4.9 3.8 7.9 6.0 4 Mean SD