A graduate-school admissions committee is concerned about the relationship between an applicant’s GPA in college and whether or not the individual eventually completes the requirements for a doctoral degree. They first looked at the data on 25 randomly selected students who entered the program 7 years ago, assigning a score of 1 to those who completed the Ph.D. program, and of 0 to those who did not. The data follow.

GPA: 2.0 3.5   2.75 3.0     3.5 2.75   2.0 2.5    3.0 2.5 Ph.D.: 00 0 0 0 0 00 11 GPA:   3.5 3.25    3.0 3.0     2.75 3.25    3.0 3.3      2.5 2.75 Ph.D.: 11 1 1 1 1 11 11 GPA:   2.0 4.0      3.0 3.25 2.5 Ph.D.: 11 1 1 1

a. Plot these data.

b. Calculate .

c. Calculate .

d. Is it reasonable to look at in this situation? Why or why not?