=+41. Shoveling is not exactly a high-tech activity but will continue to be a required task even in our information age. The article “A Shovel with a Perforated Blade Reduces Energy Expenditure Required for Digging Wet Clay” (Human Factors, 2010: 492–502)

reported on an experiment in which each of 13 workers was provided with both a conventional shovel and a shovel whose blade was perforated with small holes. The authors of the cited article provided the following data on stable energy