=+expenditure [kcal/kg(subject)/lb(clay)]:

Worker: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Conventional: .0011 .0014 .0018 .0022 .0010 .0016 .0028 Perforated: .0011 .0010 .0019 .0013 .0011 .0017 .0024 Worker: 8 9 10 11 12 13 Conventional: .0020 .0015 .0014 .0023 .0017 .0020 Perforated: .0020 .0013 .0013 .0017 .0015 .0013 Carry out a test of hypotheses at significance level

.05 to see if true average energy expenditure using the conventional shovel exceeds that using the perforated shovel.