=+64. It is hypothesized that when homing pigeons are disoriented in a certain manner, they will exhibit no preference for any direction of flight after takeoff (the direction x, a continuous variable, should be uniformly distributed on the interval from 0°

to 360°, so f(x) 5 1y360 on this interval). To test this, 50 pigeons were disoriented and released, resulting in the following observed directions.