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accounting and finance

Questions and Answers of Accounting and Finance

Explain three potential weaknesses of CVP analysis as a decision tool.
Alpha Co has 200 units of material x in inventory. This originally cost \($40\) per unit.Alpha Co no longer needs the material x for its original use. It could sell the inventory for \($10\) per
Give an example of a cost which may not be relevant in the short term, but could become relevant in a long-term decision.
Discuss what is meant by the term ‘stakeholder salience’ and why it might be important to incorporate this theory into a business’s communication strategy.
In terms of the accounting standard-setting process, provide examples of who might be classified into each of the following categories and explain why you believe this to be the case:a dormant
Can you explain why analysts might view meetings with management as more important than the annual report?
Can you explain why analysts might view conference calls/investor presentations as more important than the annual report?
Can you explain why the annual report continues to be a useful document?
Describe one occasion where you have been influenced to buy a product or engage in an activity as a direct result of an item of corporate communication, eg social media update; and explain what that
What benefits may an organization derive from a formal budgeting process?
What are the elements of a master budget?
Explain the difference between incremental budgeting and zerobased budgeting.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a ‘bottom-up’ approach to budgeting?
How would the budget-setting philosophy of a service provider differ from that of a manufacturing business?
Discuss the potential conflict between using a budget as a motivational device and as a means of control.
Identify and comment on three behavioural problems that might be experienced in a system of budgetary control.
You have been elected onto the budget committee of a hospital and have been tasked with reviewing the approach taken by the hospital towards budget-setting. The hospital has a relatively stable level
Ingram Co is a small engineering company. The company does not have a computerized accounting or budgeting system, but rather the chief accountant manually produces a budget each year in conjunction
Khan Co is a publishing business. The budget committee is scheduled to meet very soon to discuss plans for next year’s budget-setting process. One item on the agenda is the sources of information
Chin Co, an architectural services firm, uses a top-down budgeting approach. The budget is prepared by Michael Chin, the CEO, and once finalized it is distributed to departmental managers for
What are the four main ways of delegating responsibility for budget management?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using flexible budgets?
What type of standard costing system would be most appropriate for a manufacturing business that uses budget targets as part of its employee motivation and reward package?
Compare the relative advantages of ROI and EVA as divisional performance measures.
What are the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard as originally recommended by Kaplan and Norton?
Explain how the concept of VFM can be used to measure performance in a public-sector organization.
Explain how performance measures may have unintended behavioural consequences.
Walkon Co manufactures wooden flooring. The company buys timber which it cuts to standard-length boards, sands and polishes to sell on to builders. The variance analysis shown in Table 6.6 has been
Coat Co manufactures men’s clothing. The company has for many years operated a traditional standard costing and variance analysis approach to performance management. The marketing director has
Jake Designs is a small firm which specializes as a consultant in product packaging and marketing within the cosmetics industry. The company recently appointed a new finance director, Katie Williams.
Tools4U Co operates a chain of tool hire stores across the country. Tool purchases and store staffing levels are managed centrally, so each store is treated as a revenue centre, with the store
Explain the business problems that may be associated with holding insufficient cash balances. What are the problems of holding too much cash?
Distinguish between the transaction motive and the speculative motive for holding cash. How do these two motives differ in terms of their impact upon the level of cash held?
Explain how a business can benefit from a cash forecast, even if it already has an income and expenditure forecast and a balance sheet forecast.
Discuss the assumptions which underpin the Baumol–Tobin model of cash management and explain how they may limit the usefulness of the model for some businesses.
Explain the difference between a finance lease and an operating lease as a means of financing the purchase of an asset.
Discuss the ways in which factoring and invoice discounting can assist in the management of accounts receivable.
Explain what you understand by the terms ‘buffer stock’ and ‘lead time’ and briefly consider any stock policy that would minimize or eliminate such costs.
The management of Darum Co have set a minimum cash balance of \($7,500.\) The average cost to the company of making deposits or selling investments is \($24\) per transaction. An analysis of cash
Jade opens a sandwich shop. She sells sandwiches directly over the counter for cash, but also provides buffet lunches for local businesses. These customers are allowed one month’s credit.Budgeted
Andro Co makes all its sales on credit and allows its customers 30 days’ credit.However, analysis of the financial statements shows that the average accounts receivable period in the last financial
Distinguish between the three main perspectives on pricing and identify the main concerns of each perspective.
What are the 3C’s of pricing and how does each impact upon price?
Distinguish between full-cost and marginal-cost pricing.
If a product is known to have a low price elasticity of demand and a company reduces its price in order to stimulate demand, would you expect this to lead to increased or decreased overall sales
Publisher Co sells both paper books and e-books. If the company reduces the price of its e-books, should it expect demand for paper books to increase or decrease?
Explain how customers’ expectations can impact upon the price they are willing to pay for a product.
What is price skimming and under what circumstances is it an appropriate pricing strategy?
XTA Co is about to launch a new personal computer called the Eye which the user wears like a pair of glasses. Interaction with the computer is through eye movement and voice. No competitors are
ACT Motors, a large vehicle manufacturer, is seeking to launch a new family saloon car. The market for such cars is already well established and highly competitive.Required:Explain the main steps ACT
Printit Co provides rapid printing and design services to the public and small businesses. The business, which has 12 employees, operates out of a high-street shop which includes office space. The
Why is good investment appraisal important to organizations?
What are the three main factors that should be considered when appraising a potential investment?
What are the main drawbacks of the payback method of investment appraisal?
What is the ‘discount rate’ used in NPV calculations and how is it arrived at?
What is an opportunity cost and why should it be included in an investment appraisal calculation?
In what ways can taxation impact upon cash flows from an investment?
List THREE profitability ratios and show how they should be calculated.
Discuss THREE possible reasons why an entity’s gross profit margin might increase from one year to the next.
What is meant by ‘liquidity’ and why might a supplier want to assess the liquidity position of one of their customer companies?
Describe the working capital cycle and calculate the length of this for a company of your choice.
Show how you might appraise the solvency of an entity and state what you feel might be some red-flag issues.
What are the limitations of ratio analysis as a form of financial analysis?
Hawk Limited (Hawk) manufacture and distribute washing machines. The board of directors (BoD) have been concerned for some time that their share of the market has been in decline, mainly as a result
Extracts from the (summarized) financial statements of Barksdale plc, a retail group, for the year ended 31 December 2013 are shown in Table 3.7 together with an extract from the chief executive’s
What are the two main forms of accounting? List the principal differences between the types of information that practitioners of each discipline produce.
What is meant by the terms trade receivables and trade payables?
Potential and current investors are the primary users of financial statements but there are others. List four different users aside from investors and explain their information needs.
List the two fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and provide a brief description of both.
List the four enhancing qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and provide a brief description of each.
Who are the IASB and what is their role within the IFRS Foundation and standardsetting framework?
There are several advantages to incorporating your business, but can you list some of the commonly perceived disadvantages?
Define the three terms: asset; liability; and equity.
Reflect on the supplementary questions raised in Illustration 1.1. Do you think it is straightforward to ascertain accurate and reliable answers? Try to write in jargon-free terms an example of the
Using the information presented in Figure 1.1, list THREE key user groups for each of the following organizations and briefly explain what each group might hope to ascertain from the publicly
Can you provide a suggestion for each of the following, briefly explaining your rationale:(i) A balance which could be material owing to its magnitude?(ii) A balance which could be material owing to
The internationalization of financial reporting has attracted significant attention. There are many in favour and, equally, many opposed. The United States (US), for example, has continued to use US
This is a simple exercise to familiarize you with the kind of information that is presented in the financial statements. Examine the three primary statements presented above to discover the following
The IASB acknowledges within the Conceptual Framework that general-purpose financial reports cannot provide all the information that users may need to make economic decisions. They suggest that users
Outline the content and purpose of the statement of financial position.
Outline the content and purpose of the statement of comprehensive income.
Outline the content and purpose of the statement of cash flows.
What is the accruals concept? Provide one example to show you understand this.
If an entity’s accounts are prepared on a break-up basis, what does this mean?
List and describe two methods of depreciation. For each, provide an example of an asset where it might be appropriate to use that method.
(a) The income statement shows:(b) The statement of financial position shows: Income-Expenditure=Profit Can you provide examples for each of these categories? Examples of income Examples of
Continuing the worked exercise above, make the necessary adjustments for the following transactions:(a) On day 3, Mobius Inc invests $500 of cash by acquiring a new computer.(b) On day 4, Mobius Inc
For a long time, you have been wondering how to convert your passion for rock climbing into a business opportunity. During a recent climbing trip you met Chris, a climbing-gear designer. He agreed to
State which of the following items could appear as an asset on the statement of financial position of Goblin Combe plc, a leading premium drinks business:• \($150,000\) of product sold during the
Trading continues apace for your new business Climb On! The products have proved to be popular and, seeing this as your opportunity to seize the day, you decided to expand and grow the business.Here
Choose a crop or livestock enterprise. What imputs must be purchased before the production process begins? What (if any) inputs must be purchased after the production process begins?
Compare the sources of capital used in a farming enterprise (owner equity, debt, lease, etc.). Which of these sources of capital are considered “at risk”and why?
Compare the inputs financed by the supplier (i.e., trade credit) with the use of third-party credit (i.e., obtaining an operating loan from the bank to purchase inputs). Which mechanism is likely to
What is meant by “barren money”?
How do the legal instruments for agricultural credit change with the length of the debt repayment period?
What is financial intermediation and how does financial intermediation add value to the economy?
Compare and contrast real capital and monetary capital.
Assume that Robinson Crusoe is willing to trade 0.895 potatoes tomorrow for 1 potato today. What is the implied intertemporal preference (discount rate)? If the natives on the next island are willing
Using the data in Example 2.3 and assuming that all the bank’s capital is Tier 1 capital, does the bank meet the capital adequacy requirements?
Given the lending returns presented in Table 2.13 compute the average and variance of the returns on the bank’s portfolio. What is the probability that the interest rate on the bank’s loan

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