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business
business statistics in practice

Questions and Answers of Business Statistics In Practice

=+b) We want to know what percentage of local businesses anticipate hiring additional employees in the upcoming month. We randomly select a page in the Yellow Pages and call every business listed
=+50. More sampling methods. Consider each of these situations. Do you think the proposed sampling method is appropriate? Explain.
=+a) We want to know if business leaders in the community support the development of an “incubator” site at a vacant lot on the edge of town. We spend a day phoning local businesses in the phone
=+e) Listed below are the last names of the project managers. Use random numbers to select two people to be interviewed. Be sure to explain your method carefully.Barrett Bowman Chen DeLara DeRoos
=+d) Propose a better sampling strategy.
=+c) How might my results be biased?
=+d) When the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)checks a car like mine to predict its fuel economy, what parameter is it trying to estimate?
=+45. Accounting. Between quarterly audits, a company likes to check on its accounting procedures to address any problems before they become serious. The accounting staff processes payments on about
=+a) Propose a sampling strategy for the supervisor.
=+b) How would you modify that strategy if the company makes both wholesale and retail sales, requiring different bookkeeping procedures?
=+46. Happy workers? A manufacturing company employs 14 project managers, 48 foremen, and 377 laborers. In an effort to keep informed about any possible sources of employee discontent, management
=+a) Do you see any danger of bias in the company’s plan?Explain.
=+b) How might you select a simple random sample?
=+c) Why do you think a simple random sample might not provide the best estimate of the parameters the company wants to estimate?
=+b) We want to know if travelers at the local airport are satisfied with the food available there. We go to the airport on a busy day and interview every tenth person in line in the food court.
=+Describe two ways this question may lead to response bias.
=+19. Software licenses. The website www.gamefaqs.com asked, as their question of the day to which visitors to the site were invited to respond, “Do you ever read the end-user license agreements
=+a) Gallup is interested in the opinions of Africans. What kind of survey design are they using?
=+b) Some of the countries surveyed have large populations. (South Africa is estimated to have over 50 million people.) Some are quite small. (Zimbabwe has fewer than
=+13,000,000 people.) Nonetheless, Gallup sampled 1000 adults in each country. How does this affect the precision of its estimates for these countries?
=+23–30. Survey details. For the following reports about statistical studies, identify the following items (if possible). If you can’t tell, then say so—this often happens when we read about a
=+23. Global Views on Morality. The 2013 Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project asked 1000 adult respondents in 40 countries what they thought about eight moral issues, such as premarital
=+24. Global warming. The Gallup Poll interviewed 1022 randomly selected U.S. adults aged 18 and older, March 7–10, 2013. Gallup reports that when asked whether respondents thought that global
=+25. At the bar. Researchers waited outside a bar they had randomly selected from a list of such establishments. They stopped every tenth person who came out of the bar and asked whether he or she
=+26. Election poll. Hoping to learn what issues may resonate with voters in the coming election, the campaign director for a mayoral candidate selects one block at random from each of the city’s
=+27. Toxic waste. The Environmental Protection Agency took soil samples at 16 locations near a former industrial waste dump and checked each for evidence of toxic chemicals.They found no elevated
=+Results are based on face-to-face interviews with 1,000 adults, aged 15 and older, conducted in 2010 in Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia,
=+22. Defining the survey. At its website (www.gallup.com) the Gallup World Poll reports results of surveys conducted in various places around the world. At the end of one of these reports about the
=+a) What kind of sample was this?
=+b) How much confidence would you place in using 63.47%as an estimate of the fraction of people who don’t read software licenses?
=+20. Drugs in baseball. Major League Baseball, responding to concerns about their “brand,” tests players to see whether they are using performance-enhancing drugs. Officials select a team at
=+a) What kind of sample is this?
=+b) Is that choice appropriate?M08_SHAR8696_03_SE_C08.indd 293 14/07/14 7:31 AM 294 CHAPTER 8 Surveys and Sampling
=+21. Pew. Pew Research Center publishes polls on issues important in the news and about global life at its website, www.pewinternet.org. At the end of a report about a survey you can find paragraphs
=+Country: Brazil; Sample design: Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Brazil’s five regions and size of municipality; Mode:Face-to-face adults 18 plus; Languages: Portuguese; Fieldwork dates:
=+a) Explain the multi-stage design applied in terms of regions and municipalities.
=+b) What sampling frame might have been used?
=+28. Housing discrimination. Inspectors send trained “renters”of various races and ethnic backgrounds, and of both sexes to inquire about renting randomly assigned advertised apartments. They
=+29. Quality control. A company packaging snack foods maintains quality control by randomly selecting 10 cases from each day’s production and weighing the bags. Then they open one bag from each
=+c) Randomly select one street in each town and contact each of the households on that street.
=+d) Go through the company’s customer records, selecting every 40th subscriber. Send employees to those homes to interview the people chosen.
=+35. Amusement park riders. An amusement park has opened a new roller coaster. It is so popular that people are waiting for up to three hours for a two-minute ride. Concerned about how patrons (who
=+a) What kind of sample is this?
=+b) Is it likely to be representative?
=+c) What is the sampling frame?
=+36. Playground. Some people have been complaining that the children’s playground at a municipal park is too small and is in need of repair. Managers of the park decide to survey city residents to
=+37. Another ride. The survey of patrons waiting in line for the roller coaster in Exercise 35 asks whether they think it is worthwhile to wait a long time for the ride and whether they’d like the
=+38. Playground bias. The survey described in Exercise 36 asked,
=+b) Hold a meeting in each of the 15 towns, and tally the opinions expressed by those who attend the meetings.
=+a) Run a poll on the local TV news, asking people to dial one of two phone numbers to indicate whether they would be interested.
=+30. Contaminated milk. Dairy inspectors visit farms unannounced and take samples of the milk to test for contamination. If the milk is found to contain dirt, antibiotics, or other foreign matter,
=+31. Bradley effect. The Bradley effect theory posits that inaccurate polls are skewed by the phenomenon of voters giving inaccurate polling responses because they fear that, by stating their true
=+32. Indian polls. In the 2014 elections in India, no less than eleven opinion poll agencies have been seen, whose surveys are published and broadcast by leading magazines and
=+33. Cable company market research. A local cable TV company, Pacific TV (PTV), with customers in 15 towns is considering offering high-speed Internet service on its cable lines. Before launching
=+a) Put a big ad in the newspaper asking people to log their opinions on the PTV website.
=+b) Randomly select one of the towns and contact every cable subscriber by phone.
=+c) Send a survey to each customer and ask them to fill it out and return it.
=+d) Randomly select 20 customers from each town. Send them a survey, and follow up with a phone call if they do not return the survey within a week.
=+34. Cable company market research, part 2. Four new sampling strategies have been proposed to help PTV determine whether enough cable subscribers are likely to purchase high-speed Internet
=+Many people believe this playground is too small and in need of repair. Do you think the playground should be repaired and expanded even if that means imposing an entrance fee to the park?
=+• How are prices related to sales volume?
=+ • Are increased sales at Amazon reflected in its stock price?
=+ • What offers will encourage shoppers to browse the Amazon site for a longer time?
=+1 Before drawing any conclusions from the correlation, what would you like to see? Why?
=+2 If your coworker tracks the same prices in euros, how will this change the correlation? Will you need to know the exchange rate between euros and U.S. dollars to draw conclusions?
=+3 If you standardize both prices, how will this affect the correlation?
=+4 In general, if on a given day the price of Intel is relatively low, is the price of Cypress likely to be relatively low as well?
=+5 If on a given day the price of Intel stock is high, is the price of Cypress stock definitely high as well?
=+• Identify the ethical dilemma in this scenario.
=+• What are the undesirable consequences?
=+• Propose an ethical solution that considers the welfare of all stakeholders.
=+1. Consider the following data from a small bookstore.Number of Sales People Working Sales (in $1000)2 10 3 11 7 13 9 14 10 18 10 20 12 20 15 22 16 22 20 26 x = 10.4 y = 17.6 SD1x2 = 5.64 SD1y2 =
=+a) Prepare a scatterplot of Sales against Number of Sales People Working.
=+b) What can you say about the direction of the association?
=+c) What can you say about the form of the relationship?
=+d) What can you say about the strength of the relationship?
=+e) Does the scatterplot show any outliers?
=+2. Disk drives have been getting larger. Their capacity is now often given in terabytes (TB) where 1 TB = 1000 gigabytes, or about a trillion bytes. A survey of prices for external disk drives
=+c) What can you say about the form of the relationship?
=+d) What can you say about the strength of the relationship?
=+e) Does the scatterplot show any outliers?
=+3. The finance department at a national medical corporation wants to know and predict the average salary of physicians compared to the number of medical operations performed during their years of
=+a) Which variable is the predictor or explanatory variable?b) Which variable is the response variable?
=+c) Which variable would plot on the y axis?
=+4. A company that relies on Internet-based advertising linked to key search terms wants to understand the relationship between the amount it spends on this advertising and revenue (in $).
=+a) Which variable is the explanatory or predictor variable?b) Which variable is the response variable?
=+c) Which variable would you plot on the x axis?Section 4.3
=+5. If we assume that the conditions for correlation are met, which of the following are true? If false, explain briefly.
=+a) A correlation factor of 0.92 indicates a strong, positive association.
=+b) Dividing every value of x by 2 will half the correlation.
=+c) The units of the correlation factor are the same as the units of x.
=+6. If we assume that the conditions for correlation are met,
=+which of the following are true? If false, explain briefly.
=+a) A correlation of 0.02 indicates a strong positive association.
=+b) Standardizing the variables will make the correlation 0.c) Adding an outlier can dramatically change the correlation.Section 4.4
=+8. A recent survey found that car sales during a holiday weekend are highly associated with the number of advertisements posted on the local media channels; the more advertisements made using
=+9. True or False. If False, explain briefly.a) We choose the linear model that passes through the most data points on the scatterplot.
=+b) The residuals are the observed y-values minus the y-values predicted by the linear model.
=+c) Least squares means that the square of the largest residual is as small as it could possibly be.
=+10. True or False. If False, explain briefly.

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