Add or subtract the following fractions by finding the least common denominator.

(a) To find the least common denominator, use the fundamental principle of arithmetic to decompose the denominators into products of prime numbers. Cancel all prime numbers common to the different denominators, then multiply both numerator and denominator of each term by the product of the remaining primes in the other denominator, as is demonstrated below.

Multiplying both numerator and denominator of the first term by 3, therefore, and of the second term by 2,

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(a) 11 7 12 18