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essentials of statistics

Questions and Answers of Essentials Of Statistics

PA Is there a relationship between salary levels and unionization for public employees? The following data represent this relationship for fire departments in a random sample of 100 cities of roughly
SOC A sample of 25 cities have been classified as high or low on their homicide rates and on the number of handguns sold within the city limits.a. Is there a relationship between these variables? Do
SW A local politician is concerned that a program for the homeless in her city is discriminating against blacks and other minorities. The following data were taken from a random sample of black and
PS As mentioned in this chapter, many analysts have noted a “gender gap” in U.S. elections, with women more likely to vote for the Democratic candidate. A sample of university faculty has been
The following four 2 3 2 tables, presented without labels or titles, provide simplified opportunities to practice your computational skills. Calculate chi square for each.HINTS:● Calculate the
SOC Repeat the test in Problem 9.11 with some new dependent variables: spanking and tvhours. Are there significant differences between the religions in their support of spanking as a way of
SOC In this exercise, you will follow up on Problems 8.17 and 8.18, in which you compared several pairs of religious affiliations (Protestants and Catholics, Protestants and “Nones”) for
SOC A researcher is studying the effects of the college experience on attitudes, values, and behaviors and is comparing small random samples from each class at the same university. Which of the
SOC Does support for suicide (“death with dignity”)vary by social class? Is this relationship different in different nations? Small samples in three nations were asked whether it is ever
SOC A small random sample of respondents has been selected from the General Social Survey database. Each respondent has been classified as either an urban dweller, a suburbanite, or a rural dweller.
GER Do older citizens lose interest in politics and current affairs? A brief quiz on recent headline stories was administered to random samples of respondents from each of four age groups. Is there a
PS Does the rate of voter turnout vary significantly by the type of election? A random sample of voting precincts displays the following pattern of voter turnout by election type. Assess the results
SOC Are sexually active teenagers any better informed about AIDS and other potential health problems related to sex than teenagers who are sexually inactive? A 15-item test of general knowledge about
CJ Two separate after-school programs for atrisk teenagers have been implemented in the city of Redland. One is a big-brother/big-sister mentoring program, in which adult volunteers are paired with
SOC In a local community, a random sample of 18 couples has been assessed on a scale that measures the extent to which power and decision making are shared (lower scores) or monopolized by one
SOC A local church has been experiencing steady growth in membership and wants to launch a membership drive. Before they begin, they would like to find out what types of people are most likely to
Conduct an ANOVA test for each of the following sets of scores. (HINT: Follow the computational routine outlined in the “One Step at a Time” box, and keep track of all sums and means by
SOC Repeat the test you conducted in Problem 8.17 but, this time, compare Protestants with people with no religious affiliation (“Nones”). Repeat all the steps in the previous problem but, at the
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS and the 2012 General Social Survey (GSS) to compare Protestants and Catholics for significant differences in their average social class standing, using level
SOC A researcher is studying the effects of the college experience on attitudes, values, and behaviors and is comparing random samples of freshmen and seniors at the same university. Which of the
SOC Some results from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample are reported here in terms of differences by gender. Which of these differences, if any, are significant? Write a
CJ The mayor of a large city started a “crimeline”program some years ago and wonders whether it is working. The program publicizes unsolved violent crimes in the local media and offers cash
SOC At St. Algebra College, the sociology and psychology departments have been feuding for years about the respective quality of their programs. In an attempt to resolve the dispute, you have
SW A large counseling center needs to evaluate several experimental programs. Write a paragraph summarizing the results of these tests. Did the new programs work?a. One program is designed for
CJ About half of the police officers in Shinbone, Kansas, have completed a special course in investigative procedures. Has the course increased their efficiency in clearing crimes by arrest? The
For each problem, test the sample proportions for the significance of the difference.
SOC A survey has been administered to random samples of respondents in each of five nations.Respondents were asked: “How satisfied are you with your life as a whole?” Responses varied from 1
SW As the director of the local Boys Club, you have claimed for years that membership in your club reduces juvenile delinquency. Now a cynical member of your funding agency has demanded proof of your
GER Are senior citizens who live in retirement communities more socially active than those who live in age-integrated communities? Write a sentence or two explaining the results of these tests.
SOC Are college students who live in dormitories significantly more involved in campus life than students who commute to campus? The following data report the average number of hours per week
SOC Are middle-class families more likely than working-class families to maintain contact with kin?Write a paragraph summarizing the results of these tests.a. A sample of middle-class families
PA A number of years ago, the road and highway maintenance department of Sin City, Nevada, began recruiting minority group members through an affirmative action program. In terms of efficiency
SOC Do athletes in different sports vary in terms of their readiness for college? Reported here are college entrance exam scores of fictitious random samples of college basketball and football
SOC Two sociologists administered questionnaires to samples of undergraduates that measured attitudes toward interpersonal violence (higher scores indicate greater approval of interpersonal
For each of the following, test for the significance of the difference in sample statistics using the fivestep model. (HINT: Remember to solve Formula 8.4 before attempting to solve Formula 8.2.
SOC A researcher is studying changes in the student body at her university and has selected a random sample of 163 from the freshman class. The table below compares their characteristics to the
SW The following essay questions review the basic principles and concepts of inferential statistics. The order of the questions roughly follows the five-step model.a. Hypothesis testing or
PA The city manager has received a complaint from the local union of firefighters to the effect that they are underpaid. Not having much time, the city manager gathers the records of a random sample
SW You are the head of an agency seeking funding for a program to reduce unemployment among teenage males. Nationally, the unemployment rate for this group is 18%. A random sample of 323 teenage
SOC/SW A researcher has compiled a file of information on a random sample of 317 families that have chronic, long-term patterns of child abuse.Reported here are some of the characteristics of the
SOC/CJ Statewide, the police clear by arrest 35%of the robberies and 42% of the aggravated assaults reported to them. A researcher takes a random sample of all the robberies (N 5 207) and aggravated
PS In a recent statewide election, 55% of the voters rejected a proposal to institute a state lottery. In a random sample of 150 urban precincts, 49% of the voters rejected the proposal. Is the
SOC/CJ A random sample of 113 felons convicted of nonviolent crimes in a state prison system completed a program designed to improve their employment possibilities before being released on parole.
SOC/CJ A survey shows that 10% of the population is victimized by property crime each year. A random sample of 527 older citizens (65 years or more of age) shows a victimization rate of 14%. Are
SOC Nationally, the per capita monthly fuel oil bill is $110. A random sample of 36 cities in the Southeast average $78, with a standard deviation of $4. Is the difference significant? Summarize your
SOC A random sample of 26 local sociology graduates scored an average of 458 on the GRE advanced sociology test, with a standard deviation of 20. Is this significantly different from the national
SOC A school system has assigned several hundred“chronic and severe underachievers” to an alternative educational experience. To assess the program, a random sample of 35 has been selected for
a. SOC Statewide, the population as a whole watches 6.2 hours of TV per day. A random sample of 1017 senior citizens in the state reports watching an average of 5.9 hours per day, with a standard
SOC A sample of 105 sanitation workers for the city of Euonymus, Texas, earns an average of $24,375 per year. The average salary for all Euonymus city workers is $24,230, with a standard deviation of
SOC A random sample of 423 Asian Americans drawn from the population of a particular state has finished an average of 12.7 years of formal education, with a standard deviation of 1.7. Is this
SOC Statewide, the average score on the verbal portion of the college entrance exam is 453, with a standard deviation of 95. A random sample of 137 seniors at Littlewood Regional High School shows a
a. SW Statewide, social workers average 10.2 years of experience. In a random sample, 203 social workers in greater metropolitan Shinbone average only 8.7 years, with a standard deviation of 0.52.Are
a. SOC The students at Littlewood Regional High School cut an average of 3.3 classes per month. A random sample of 117 seniors averages 3.8 cuts per month, with a standard deviation of 0.53. Are
This exercise will give you a tangible understanding of sampling distributions and the two theorems presented in this chapter. For this demonstration only, the 2012 GSS database will be treated as a
In this exercise, you will use SPSS to generate sample statistics from the 2012 General Social Survey(GSS2012). You will then construct confidence intervals to estimate population values or
SOC You are the automotive specialist for the monthly magazine Consumer Beware. Part of your job is to investigate the claims made by automakers in their TV commercials. You are particularly
SOC The fraternities and sororities at St. Algebra College have been plagued by declining membership over the past several years and want to know whether the incoming freshman class will be a fertile
SOC The World Values Survey is administered periodically to random samples from societies around the globe. Listed here are the percentage of respondents in each nation who said that they are “very
PS Two individuals are running for mayor of your town. You conduct an election survey a week before the election and find that 51% of the respondents prefer candidate A. Can you predict a winner? Use
For each of the following three sample sizes, construct the 95% confidence interval for the population proportion. Use a sample proportion of 0.40 throughout. What happens to interval width as sample
For the following sample data, construct five different interval estimates of the population mean, one each for the 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.9%, and 99.99%levels. What happens to the interval width as
SW A random sample of 100 patients treated in a program for alcoholism and drug dependency over the past 10 years was selected. It was determined that 53 of the patients had been readmitted to the
A random sample of 1496 respondents of a major metropolitan area was questioned about a number of issues. Construct estimates to the population at the 95% level for each of the results reported
PA A random sample of 260 workers in a high-rise office building revealed that 30% were very satisfied with the quality of elevator service. At the 99%level, what is your estimate of the population
SOC The survey mentioned in problem 6.5 found that 25 of the 178 households consisted of unmarried couples who were living together. What is your estimate of the population proportion? Use the 95%
PA A random sample of 100 inmates at a maximum security prison shows that exactly 10 of the respondents had been the victims of violent crime during their incarceration. Estimate the proportion of
SOC A random sample of 429 college students was interviewed about a number of matters. Use the results to construct confidence interval estimates of the population mean at the 99% level.a. They
SOC A random sample of 100 cable TV movies contained an average of 3.38 acts of physical violence per program with a standard deviation of 0.30. At the 99%level, what is your estimate of the
SOC A researcher has gathered information from a random sample of 178 households. For each of the following variables, construct confidence intervals to estimate the population mean. Use the 90%
SW You have developed a series of questions to measure job satisfaction of bus drivers in New York City. A random sample of 100 drivers has an average score of 10.6, with a standard deviation of 2.8.
A large university administers entrance exams to all entering students. The test is administered again as an exit exam for all graduates. The test results for one group of students are given in the
After taking the state merit examinations for the position of school counselor and social worker, you receive the following information on the tests and on your performance. On which test did you do
To be accepted into an honor society, a student must have a grade-point average (GPA) in the top 10% of the school. If the mean GPA at the school is 2.78 and the standard deviation is 0.33, which of
CJ The local police force gives all applicants an entrance exam and accepts only those applicants who score in the top 15% on this test. If the mean score this year is 87 and the standard deviation
SOC The average number of dropouts for a school district has been 305 per year with a standard deviation of 50. What is the probability that the number of dropouts next year will bea. less than
For a math test on which the mean score was 59 and the standard deviation was 4, what is the probability that a student randomly selected from this class will have a scorea. between 55 and 65?b.
SOC On the scale mentioned in problem 5.7, if a score of 40 or more is considered “highly prejudiced,” what is the probability that a person selected at random will have a score in that range?
SOC A scale measuring prejudice has been administered to a large sample of respondents. The distribution of scores is approximately normal, with a mean of 31 and a standard deviation of 5. What
The senior class has been given a comprehensive examination to assess educational experience. The mean score on the test was 74 and the standard deviation was 10. What percentage of the students had
Assume that the distribution of scores on a college entrance exam is normal, with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. For each of the following scores, find the equivalent Z score, the
In this exercise, you will once again use the States data set, this time to analyze changes in the level of poverty between 2000 and 2009. We will use the Descriptives command to generate output.●
In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency and dispersion for the rate of traffic fatalities in two different years (1990 and 2009) from the States data set. As an
Compute the standard deviation for both sets of data presented in problem 3.13 and reproduced here. Compare the standard deviation computed for freshmen with the standard deviation computed for
You are the governor of the state and must decide which of four metropolitan police departments will win an award for efficiency. The performance of each department is summarized in monthly arrest
SW One of your goals as the new chief administrator of a large social service bureau is to equalize workloads within the various divisions of the agency. You have gathered data on caseloads per
SOC Listed here are the rates of abortion per 100,000 women for 20 states in 1973 and 1975. Compute the median, mean, standard deviation, range, and interquartile range for both years. Describe what
a. PA Compute the range, interquartile range, and standard deviation for the data presented in problem 3.4. The data are reproduced here. (NOTE:To simplify computations for Q, round off the case
PA Per capita expenditures for public transportation for 20 cities are reported here for 2000 and 2010.Compute the mean and standard deviation for each year, and describe the differences in
SOC In problem 3.11, you computed measures of central tendency for the number of cars per 1000 population for 15 nations. The scores are reproduced here. Compute the standard deviation for this
SOC The price of a gallon of regular gas for 20 nations is reported below. Compute the mean, median, range, interquartile range, and standard deviation for this variable, and write a paragraph
SOC Data on several variables measuring overall health and well-being for 11 nations are reported here for 2010, with projections to 2020. Are nations becoming more or less diverse on these
Compute the standard deviation for the pretest and posttest scores that were used in problems 2.6 and 3.12. The scores are reproduced here. Taking into account all of the information you have on
SOC Labor force participation rates (percent employed), percent high school graduates, and mean income for males and females in ten states are reported here. Calculate the mean and the standard
SOC In problem 3.6, you computed mean and median income for the 13 Canadian provinces and territories and for 13 U.S. states in two separate years.Now compute the standard deviation and range for
SOC In problem 3.5 at the end of Chapter 3, you calculated measures of central tendency for four variables for 15 respondents. Two of those variables are reproduced here. Calculate the mean (if
SOC In problem 3.1 at the end of Chapter 3, you calculated measures of central tendency for six variables for freshmen and seniors. Three of those variables are reproduced here. Calculate the mean
Compute the range and standard deviation of the following 10 scores. (HINT: It will be helpful to organize your computations as in Table 4.4.)10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, 35, 40, 50
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the Intl-POP data set, which is available from the website for this text. This data set
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the GSS2012 data set, which is available from the website for this text. In this data
SOC In this exercise, you will use SPSS to get measures of central tendency for several different variables in the States data set, which is available from the website for this text.● Find and

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