Questions and Answers of Essentials Of Technical Communication

4. Understand the role of emotional exchanges in the workplace and how emotional contagion, emotional labor, and emotion recognition skills can have a positive or negative impact on the attainment of
3. Explain how nonverbal communication in an organization can create selffulfilling prophecies that interfere with an individual's job performance.
2. Explain how the misuse of nonverbal status reminders can lead to problems related to dysfunctional leadership, sexual harassment, cross-cultural misunderstanding, and workplace discrimination.
1. Identify the many different ways that the members of an organization can nonverbally signal their rank and status (i.e., status reminders).
4. Why did the researchers randomly assign participants to three different conditions?
3. Why did the researchers select the nonverbal behaviors that they did?
2. What was the culture of the participants who viewed the video clips?
1. How did the researchers prepare the video clips shown to the participants in the study?
4. Do the researchers identify and discuss any weaknesses in their studies?What are they?
3. How did the researchers measure unconscious lie detection in their two experiments?
2. What were on the videos shown to the participants in these experiments?
1. What evidence do the researchers offer to support their claim that unconscious lie detection is superior to conscious lie detection?
5. In your opinion, what is the most important weakness in the methods used in this study?
4. How often did micro-expressions occur?
3. What kind of study is this? (See Appendix.)
2. How did the findings about masking an emotion differ from the findings about neutralizing?
1. Who were the participants in this study and how did the researchers get them to mask and neutralize facial expressions of emotion?
4. What were the strengths and limitations of this research?
3. How do the results of this study relate to Ekman's theory of leakage and clues to deception?
2. The researchers did three studies of the poker players. How did these studies differ and why were they done (i.e., why wasn't one study enough)?
1. The researchers used videorecordings of the poker players. What versions of these recordings did they show to the three groups of judges?
5. Review the research on the effectiveness of training programs designed to enhance the ability of lie catchers.
4. Address the main factors that limit the success of lie catching.
3. Highlight what researchers have discovered about the nonverbal cues associated with lying and deception and identify the limitations of this research.
2. Identify and differentiate the four major theories scholars rely on to explain the nonverbal signs of lying and deception.
1. Discuss the prevalence and nature of lying and deception in everyday life.
6. Is it riskier to fall for an attractive person than for an average-looking person because the attractive person- being more in demand- will have more opportunities to be with others?
5. Do attractive people have different personalities than less attractive people?
4. Is it best for people to date only those who are similar to themselves in attractiveness?
3. Do attractive people have better social lives than less attractive people? If so, why?
2. Are men more interested in the appearance of their dates than women are? If so, why?
1. Is appearance the most important factor in deciding to go out on a date with someone?
5. What kind of study is this? (See Appendix.)
4. What are the strengths and limitations of this study?
3. What explanation do the researchers offer for the different perceptions of men and women?
2. Who were the participants in the study and how did the researchers get them to participate?
1. How did this speed-dating study compare and contrast with prior speeddating studies?
4. What are the strengths and limitations of this study?
3. What are the practical implications of this study?
2. Where was this study done and how did they recruit the couples that participated?
1. What kind of study is this? (See Appendix.)
4. What were the main strengths and limitations of this study?
3. What kind of study is this? (See Appendix.)
2. How did the researchers create different intensity levels for the facial expressions they used in this study?
1. What did the researchers discover in their study?
7. Identify the various nonverbal messages that can provide emotional support to others' communication.
6. Explain how a person's attachment style influences the person's ability to provide and receive emotional support.
5. Discuss the various nonverbal behaviors that affect the occurrence, escala-tion, and management of interpersonal conflicts in close relationships.
4. Identify the identity signals and courtship signals that attract a potential mate and influence the development of romantic relationships.
3. Recognize how nonverbal communication in successful relationships differs from nonverbal communication in less successful relationships.
2. Understand how intimacy affects the nonverbal communication that occurs in a relationship.
1. Explain how cognitive valence theory highlights the dynamic relationship between nonverbal communication and relational intimacy.
4. What were the strengths and limitations of this study?
3. Did the effect of touch differ for men compared to women customers?
2. What kind of study is this? (See Appendix.)
1. Why did the researchers think that touch would make a difference?Did they refer to any prior theory or research to explain or justify their predictions?
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of doing this kind of experiment?
1. Was there any noticeable difference in the way you were treated based on your appearance?
3. Do you believe that posture sharing had any impact on the conversation?Explain.
2. Did your friend figure out what you were doing?
1. Were you able to accomplish postural congruence? Did you encounter any difficulties trying to do it?
3. Did the other person figure out what you were doing? How did the other person react?
2. How did this affect your conversation? For instance, did you lose opportunities to speak? Did it interfere with the flow of the conversation? Was it very distracting? Were there fewer
1. Was it difficult for you to wait the three seconds? If so, why?
4. What do you think were the main limitations of this research?
3. What conclusion did the researchers reach about why people tend to sit next to people who are physically similar?
2. How did the researchers second study differ from their first study?
1. How did the researchers design their first study and what were their two hypotheses?
4. Does this study have any practical implications?
3. What were the limitations of this study?
2. How did the researchers test their hypothesis with their participants (eye contact, smiles)?
1. Who were the participants in this study and how did the researchers obtain their consent?
3. What bodily reactions were observed? For example, did the stranger shift positions, touch his or her face or body, or cross his or her arms?
2. Did the stranger avoid or make eye contact during any particular part of the encounter?
1. What kinds of facial expressions were observed? Did you see any of the expressions that David Givens saw in his research? Was there an eyebrow flash, head nod, smile, or frown at the start of the
3. What were some of the differences among the three encounters? Why do you think these differences occurred?
2. What specific nonverbal behaviors were involved during each stage?
1. Does each encounter follow the five stages described in this chapter?
6. Discuss the different explanations for why nonverbal communication in-fluences the likelihood of compliance gaining and prosocial behavior.
5. Identify the various channels of nonverbal communication that influence the likelihood of compliance gaining and prosocial behavior.
4. Recognize the challenges of building rapport associated with key elements of the interaction context, such as the goals of an interaction, status differences, and cultural differences.
3. Identify the two basic elements of interpersonal coordination in a conversation: turn taking and behavioral adaptation.
2. Explain how entering and exiting a conversation and how getting involved in a conversation depend on the use of nonverbal communication.
1. Understand the two basic ways that nonverbal communication affects our efforts to build rapport with others: through approach- avoidance signals and through interpersonal coordination.
4. What kind of research is this study?
3. What do you believe is the most important limitation of this study?
2. What is the power distance orientation of a culture and why is it relevant in this study?
1. According to the researchers, what are the nonverbal signals of victory I triumph?
3. How did you change your vocal behavior each time?
2. Were some more difficult than others?
1. Were you successful in conveying each feeling?
4. Might the results of the study been different if speakers used a different foreign accent?
3. Why were explicit attitudes of participants different than their implicit attitudes?
2. Who were the participants in this study? Could this have affected the results of the study?
1. How did the researchers differentiate between explicit attitudes and implicit attitudes?
4. Did the results of this study support the stereotypes we have about older persons?
3. What did the researchers discover about first impressions of older and younger speakers?
2. How did the researchers get people to participate in this study? Is this a representative sample of young adult listeners?
1. What type of research is this? (See Appendix.)
6. Can we decode the gesture, even out of context? (Johnson et al., 1975)?

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