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business
financial reporting financial statement analysis and valuation
Questions and Answers of
Financial Reporting Financial Statement Analysis And Valuation
1-1 Explain and assess the four main business activities. Planning Operating :: Investing :: Financing
1-2 Identify and discuss the users and suppliers of financial statement information. Information Demand: Information Supply :: Global Setting
1-3 Review the four financial statements. Balance Sheet: Income Statement of Stockholders' Equity :: Statement of Cash Flows
1-4 Assess business operations within the context of a competitive environment. Competitive Environment :: Business Environment :: Competitive Advantage
1-5 Apply basic profitability analysis. Return on Assets :: Return on Equity :: Relevance of Financial Statements
1-6 Describe the financial statement forecasting process. Factors that Affect Forecasting:: Forecasting Process
1-7 Explain the role of financial information in business valuation. Information for Business Decisions :: Valuations Models :: Efficient Markets
1-8 Access and analyze financial datasets. Datasets :: www.SEC.gov : Data Analytics :: Excel :: Data Visualization
Q1-1.Firms engage in four basic types of activities. List the activities. Describe how financial statements can provide useful information for each activity. How can subsequent financial statements
Q1-2. Explain why forecasting must precede valuation in the framework for analysis and valuation.
Q1-3. Companies prepare four primary financial statements. What are those financial statements, and what information is typically conveyed by each?
Q1-4. Does a balance sheet report on a period of time or at a point in time? Explain the information conveyed in the balance sheet.
Q1-5. Does an income statement report on a period of time or at a point in time? Explain the information conveyed in the income statement.
Q1-6. Does a statement of cash flows report on a period of time or at a point in time? Explain the information and activities conveyed in the statement of cash flows.
Q1-7. Explain how a company's four primary financial statements are linked.
Q1-9. The quality of financial forecasts depends on many factors. List two and explain.
Q1-10. What are the five important forces that confront the company and determine its competitive intensity?
Q1-11. What are the components of a SWOT analysis? For each component, indicate whether it is an internal or external environmental factor.
Q1-12. Access the 2018 10-K for Seagate Technology plc at the SEC's database of financial reports (www. sec.gov). Who is the company's auditor? What specific language does the auditor use in
Q1-13. Business decision makers external to the company increasingly demand more financial information from the company. Discuss the reasons why companies have traditionally opposed the efforts of
Q1-14. Explain what is meant by "non-controlling interest."
Q1-15. True or false: A parent company owns 80% of its subsidiary's stock. Because the parent has controlling interest in the subsidiary company, the parent includes 80% of the subsidiaries revenue
Q1-17. Describe a decision that requires financial statement information, other than a stock investment deci- sion. How is financial statement information useful in making this decision?
Q1-19. One of Warren Buffett's acquisition criteria is to invest in businesses "earning good return on equity." The ROE formula uses both net income and stockholders' equity. Why is it important to
Q1-20. True or False: Cash-based valuation models are more reliable because managers cannot influence cash flow. Explain.
M1-21. Understanding How the Four Business Activities Are Related In its November 2018 press release, AT&T revealed that CAPEX for fiscal 2019 (capital expenditures for additional property, plant and
M1-22. Understanding What Information Financial Statement Users Demand Match each of the financial statement users listed to the question they are most likely to ask. Financial Statement User A.
M1-23. Balance Sheet Equation and Financing Sources In a recent year, the total assets of Microsoft Corporation equal $258,848 million, and its equity is $82,718 million. Requireda. What is the
M1-24. Balance Sheet Equation and Financing Sources Best Buy's financial statements, dated February 2, 2019, report total assets of $12,901 million and total liabilities of $9,595 million. Requireda.
M1-25. Applying the Accounting Equation and Computing Financing Proportions Use the accounting equation to compute the missing financial amounts (a), (b), and (c). Which of these companies is more
M1-26. Identifying Key Numbers from Financial Statements Access the September 30, 2018, 10-K for Starbucks Corporation at the SEC's database for financial reports (www.sec.gov). Requireda. Fill in
M1-27. Analyzing Retained Earnings Total equity $ Access the 2018 10-K for Symantec Corp. at the SEC's database of financial reports (www.sec.gov). Use the March 30, 2018, consolidated statement of
M1-28. Identifying Financial Statement Line Items and Accounts Several line items and account titles are listed below. For each, indicate in which of the following finan- cial statement(s) we would
M1-29. Identifying Ethical Issues and Accounting Choices g. Cash inflow for stock issued h. Cash outflow for dividends i. Revenue Assume you are a technology services provider and you must decide on
M1-30. Assessing the Competitive Environment For each of the following companies, briefly explain what type of competitive advantage(s) they have, if any. Select from: barriers to entry, product
M1-31. Accessing SEC reports and Calculating Ratios Access the financial reports for the fiscal year ending in 2018 at the SEC website for Medtronic and Boston Scientific, two competitors in the
MI-32. Noncontrolling Interest ANALYST ADJUSTMENTS 1.1 Assignments reinforce the Analyst Adjustments in the module. The information below comes from the Form 10-K for MGM Resorts International for
M1-33. Financial Ratios and Credit Ratings Following are ratios for 2018 for Illinois Tool Works. Use the ratios along with the Moody's table on page 1-30. to determine what credit rating each ratio
El-35. Applying the Accounting Equation and Assessing Financial Statement Linkages The following information is available for Advanced Micro Devices (AMO) and Intel for the current year.• AMD's
El-36. Specifying Financial Information Users and Uses L02 Financial statements have a wide audience of interested stakeholders. Identify two or more financial statement users who are external to the
El-37. Applying Financial Statement Relations to Compute Dividends L03a. Fill in the amounts for the Norfolk Southern statement of changes in retained earnings.Norfolk Southern Inc.Consolidated
E1.38 Computing and Interpreting FinanciaJ Statement Ratios Following are selected ratios of Norfolk Southern for 2018 and 2017.Return on Assets (ROA) Component 2018 2017 Profitability (Net
E1.39 Computing Return on Assets and Applying the Accounting Equation Nordstrom Inc. reports net income of $564 mill ion for its fiscal year ended February 20 19. At the beginning of that fi scal
E1.40 Assessing the Role of Financial Statements in Society Financial statement information plays an important role in modern society and business.a. Identify two or more external stakeholders who
E1.41 Computing Return on Equity Starbucks reports net income for 2018 of $4,518.3 million. Its stockholders' equity is $5,450. l million and $ 1, 169.5 mill ion for 2017and2018, respectively .a.
E1.42 Financial Ratios and Credit Ratings In its 201 8 Form 10-K, FedEx reported the following infornrntion (in $ millions).Total debt...... .. .. .. . $17,580 EBITDA...... . . . . . . . . . 7,819
P1.43 Computing Return on Equity and Return on Assets The following table contains financial statement infornrntion for Walmar t Inc.$millions Total Assets Net Income Sales Equity 2018 .. .
P1.44 Formulating Financial Statements from Raw Data and Calculating Ratios Following is selected financial information from General Mills Inc. for its fiscal year ended May 27, 2018 ($
P1.45 Formulating Financial Statements from Raw Data and Calculating Ratios$ 2,841.0 30,225.0 5,477.3 21 ,812.6 24,131.6 6,492.4 Following is selected financial information from Five Below for its
P1.46 Formulating Financial Statements from Raw Data and Calculating Ratios$615,094(5,582)695,708 994,478 112,669 373,278 42,162 Following is selected financial information from JM Smucker Co. for
P1.47 Using Historical Numbers to Forecast Financial Statement Items Abbott Laboratories reports the following revenue for fiscal years 2006 through 2019.Year Revenue in $ millions Year Revenue in $
P1.48 Formulating a Statement of Stockholders' Equity from Raw Data Winnebago Industries Inc. reports the following selected information for its fiscal year ended August 25, 2018 ($
P1.49 Computing, Analyzing, and Interpreting Return on Equity and Return on Assets Following are summary financial statement data for Logitech International for 20 16 through 201 8.$thousands 2018
P1.50 Computing, Analyzing, and Interpreting Return on Equity and Return on Assets Following are summary financial statement data for Nordstrom Inc. for fiscal years ended 2017 through 2019.$millions
P1.51 Comparing Ratios for Luxury and Budget Retailers Following are selected financial statement data from Capri Holdings (a retailer that owns upscale brands Michael Kors, Jimmy Choo, and Versace)
P1.52 Computing and Interpreting Return on Assets and Its Components McDonald's Corporation (MCD) reported the following balance sheet and income statement data for 2016 through 2018.$millions Total
Pl-53. Disaggregating Return on Assets over Multiple Periods 3M COMPANY Following are selected financial statement data from 3M Company for 2015 through 2018.$millions 2015 ... ........... . .. .
Pl-54.Data Visualization for Insights into Financial Statements The following graphics relate to Thermo Fisher Scientific for 2009through 2018. Access the dashboard at the text MyBusinessCourse
PI-55.A Reading and Interpreting Audit Opinions Twitter Inc. filings at SEC include the following audit report from Pricewaterhouse Coopers.Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To
Pl-56. Reading and Interpreting CEO Certifications Following is the CEO certification from SEC filings as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and signed by Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey. Twitter's Chief
Pl-57. Using Compustat Data and Data Visualization Software to Interpret Financial Statement Items Consider the three data graphics for Apple at the start of the Module. Access the Excel file of
I1.58 Applying the Accounting Equation and Computing Financing Proportions Following is fiscal 20 18 information for three companies that report under IFRS.Requireda. Apply the accounting equation to
I1.59 Computing Return on Equity and Return on Assets Equity(a)SEK 87,770£5,618 LOS The following table contains financial statement infomrntion for OMV Group, which is a petrochemical company
D1-60 Strategic Financing L01, 3 You and your management team are working to develop the strategic direction of your company for the next three years. One issue you are discussing is how to finance
Dl-61. Statement Analysis L03, 5 You are evaluating a company's recent operating performance and are trying to decide on the relative weights you should put on the income statement, the balance
Dl-62. Analyst Relations L02 Your investor relations department reports to you that stockholders and financial analysts evaluate the quality of a company's financial reports based on their
Many consultants are advising diversified companies in emerging markets, such as India, Korea, Mexico, and Turkey, to adopt corporate strategies proven to be of val-AppendixLO1
There are very few companies that are able to be both cost leaders and differentiators.Why? Can you think of a company that has been successful at both?AppendixLO1
Explain why you agree or disagree with each of the following statements:a. It’s better to be a differentiator than a cost leader, since you can then charge premium prices.b. It’s more profitable
What are the ways that a firm can use to create barriers to entry to deter competition in its business? What factors determine whether these barriers are likely to be enduring?AppendixLO1
In the early 1980s, United, Delta, and American Airlines each started frequent flier programs as a way to differentiate themselves in response to excess capacity in the industry. Many industry
Coca-Cola and Pepsi are both very profitable soft drinks. Inputs for these products include sugar, bottles/cans, and soft drink syrup. Coca-Cola and Pepsi produce the syrup themselves and purchase
Joe Smith argues, “Your analysis of the five forces that affect industry profitability is incomplete. For example, in the banking industry, I can think of at least three other factors that are also
Rate the pharmaceutical and lumber industries as high, medium, or low on the following dimensions of industry structure:Pharmaceutical Industry Lumber Industry Rivalry Threat of new entrants Threat
One of the fastest growing industries in the last twenty years is the memory chip industry, which supplies memory chips for personal computers and other electronic devices. Yet the average
What are the critical drivers of industry profitability?AppendixLO1
Judith, an accounting major, states, “Strategy analysis seems to be an unnecessary detour in doing financial statement analysis. Why can’t we just get straight to the accounting issues?”
Evaluate the quality of Comdisco’s disclosure in its annual report regarding the company’s lease accounting policies. Do you think the disclosure is adequate to evaluate the company’s
Analyze the relative contribution of rentals, sales of computer equipment, and financial services to Comdisco’s reported profits during fiscal years 1981 and 1982 and the first nine months of
Using the information in Comdisco’s financial statements and footnotes, fill in the following to the extent possible (use plug figures if necessary):Account Balance as of 9/30/81 Increases during
Evaluate Comdisco’s business activities and the company’s strategy.AppenidxLO1
German firms are traditionally financed by banks, which have representatives on the companies’ boards. How would communication challenges differ for these firms relative to U.S. firms, which rely
When companies decide to shift from private to public financing by making an initial public offering for their stock, they are likely to face increased costs of investor communications. Given this
Why might the CEO of the bio-technology firm discussed in Question 7 be concerned about the firm being undervalued? Would the CEO be equally concerned if the stock is overvalued? Do you believe that
Two years after a successful public offering, the CEO of a bio-technology company is concerned about stock market uncertainty surrounding the potential of new drugs in the development pipeline. In
You are approached by the management of a small start-up company that is planning to go public. The founders are unsure about how aggressive they should be in their accounting decisions as they come
Under a management buyout, the top management of a firm offers to buy the company from its stockholders, usually at a premium over its current stock price. The management team puts up its own capital
Financial reporting rules in many countries outside the U.S. (e.g., the U.K., Australia, New Zealand, and France) permit management to revalue fixed assets (and in some cases even intangible assets)
Management frequently objects to disclosing additional information on the grounds that it is proprietary. Consider the recent FASB proposals on expanding disclosures on (a) executive stock
a. What are likely to be the long-term critical success factors for the following types of firms?• a high technology company, such as Microsoft• a large low-cost retailer, such as Kmartb. How
Apple’s inventory increased from $1 billion on December 29, 1994, to $1.95 billion one year later. In contrast, sales for the fourth quarter in each of these years increased from $2 billion to $2.6
In 1990 U.S. tax law increased capital gains rates from 20 percent to the same level as ordinary income rates, between 28 and 34 percent. What implications does this change have for corporate
It is frequently argued that Japanese and German companies can afford to have more financial leverage and to follow lower dividend payout policies than U.S.companies because they are largely owned by
U.S. public companies with “low” dividend payouts have payout ratios of 0 percent or less, firms with “medium” payouts have ratios between 1 and 48 percent, and“high” payout firms have a
The following table reports (in millions) earnings, dividends, capital expenditures, and R&D for Intel for the period 1990–95:Year Net Income Dividends Capital Expenditures R&D 1990 $650 $0 $680
A rapidly growing Internet company, recently listed on NASDAQ, needs to raise additional capital to finance new research and development. What financing options are available, and what are the
U.S. public companies with “low” leverage have an interest-bearing net debt-to-equity ratio of 0 percent or less, firms with “medium” leverage have a ratio between 1 and 62 percent, and
One important driver of a firm’s capital structure and dividend policy decisions is its business risk. What ratios would you look at to assess business risk? Name two industries with very high
Finance theory implies that the debt-to-equity ratio should be computed using the market values of debt and equity. However, most financial analysts use book val-ues of debt and equity to compute a
Until 1987 Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs) were treated as partnerships for tax purposes. This meant that no corporate taxes were paid by the entity. Instead, taxes were paid by partners (at their
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