Questions and Answers of Implementing Programming Languages

=+18. Show that if Ll and L2 are regular languages over X and S is the set of all strings over X, then each of S\L1, Ll U L2 , L+, and LIL2 is a regular language.
=+17. Show that the set L = {xl . . . xn I xl . . . xn = xn . . . xl } of strings over {a, b} is not a regular language.
=+16. Prove Theorem 1.9 .10.
=+15. Show that the string x = abba is not accepted by the nondeterministic finite state automaton of Figure 1 .12.
=+14. Locate the path in representing the string x = aabaabbb in Example 1.9 .9 .
=+13. Write a regular grammar that generates the strings of Exercise 12.
=+12. Design a nondeterministic finite-state automaton that accepts strings over {a, b} having the property of having each b preceded and followed by an a.
=+11. Show that the language L = {anbnck I n, k = 1, 2 . . . . } is a contextfree language .
=+10. Let G be a grammar and let A denote the empty string. Show that if every production is of the form A~xorA~xBorA~A, where A, B E N, x E T*\{A}, then there is a regular grammar G'with L(G) =
=+Show that AJA) = Ll U L2-
=+9. Let LZ be a finite set of strings accepted by the finite-state automaton AZ = (QZ, X, f2, AZ, s2), i = 1, 2. Let A = (Qi x Q2, X,f, A, s), where f((gi,q2),x) = (fi(gi,x)j2(q2,x)),= {(qi, q2) I
=+Show that A,(A) = Ll rl L2 .
=+8. Let LZ be a finite set of strings accepted by the finite-state automaton AZ = (QZ, X, f2, AZ , s2 ), i = 1, 2. Let A = (Qi x Q2, X,f, A, s), where f((qi, q2), x) = (fi(gi, x), f2(g2, x)),= {(qi,
=+7. Let L be a finite set of strings over {0,1} . Show that there is a finitestate automaton that accepts L.
=+6. Show that there is no finite state machine that receives a bit string and outputs 1 whenever the number of 1's input equals the number of 0's input and outputs 0 otherwise .
=+5. Design a finite state machine that outputs 1 when it sees the first 0 and until it sees another 0; thereafter, outputs 0; in all other cases outputs 0.
=+4. Design a finite state machine that outputs 1 when it sees 101 and thereafter; otherwise outputs 0 .
=+3. Design a finite state machine that outputs 1 if an even number of 1's have been input ; otherwise outputs 0.
=+2. Prove Theorem 1.5 .4 .
=+1. Prove Theorem 1.5 .1 .
12. What is a rapid needs assessment? How would you conduct a rapid needs assessment so that it is valuable and accurately identifies training needs?
11. How is competency modeling similar to traditional needs assessment? How does it differ?
10. Discuss the types of evidence that you would look for in order to determine whether a needs analysis has been improperly conducted.
9. Review the accompanying sample tasks and task ratings for the electronic technician’s job. What tasks do you believe should be emphasized in the training program? Why? Task Importance Frequency
8. Assume you have to prepare older employees with little computer experience to attend a training course on how to use the World Wide Web. How will you ensure that they have high levels of readiness
7. What conditions would suggest that a company should buy a training program from an outside vendor? Which would suggest that the firm should develop the program itself?
6. Explain how you would determine if employees had the reading level necessary to succeed in a training program. How would you determine if employees had the necessary computer skills needed to use
5. Why should upper-level managers be included in the needs assessment process?
4. Needs assessment involves organization, person, and task analyses. Which one of these analyses do you believe is most important? Which is least important? Why?
3. If you were going to use online technology to identify training needs for customer service representatives for a Web-based clothing company, what steps would you take to ensure that the
2. If you had to conduct a needs assessment for a new job at a new plant, describe the method you would use.
1. Which of the factors that influence performance and learning do you think is most important? Which is least important?
Complete the self-assessment exercise in Table 11.4. What changes would you make in the exercise to improve it?
Go to online.onetcenter.org. Click on Skills Search. Complete the skills search, and click Go. What occupations match your skills? How might Skills Search be useful for career management?
The World Wide Web is increasingly being used by companies to list job openings and by individuals to find jobs. Using the Web sites listed here (or sites you find yourself by surfing the Web), find
Go to www.ncsu.edu/careerkey, the Web site for Career Key, an assessment tool that can be used for self-assessment and career management. Roll the cursor over Your Personality, and click on
Go to www.monster.com. Roll over to Career Tools. Review Career Snapshot, Career Benchmark, and Career Mapping. How are each of these tools helpful for career management?
Go to www.thomsonreuters.com, the part of the Web site for the Thomson Corporation that provides career assistance for current Thomson employees and job seekers. Click on Career. What does Thomson
If you were asked to develop a career management system, what would it look like? How might you evaluate whether it was effective? What information would you use to develop the system?
How has the Web influenced career management for employees? For companies?
What are the manager’s roles in a career management system? Which role do you think is most difficult for the typical manager? Which is easiest? List the reasons why managers might resist
What is a psychological contract? How does the psychological contract influence career management?
How does the protean career concept differ from the traditional career concept on the following dimensions: pattern, development sources, goal, and responsibility for management?
What are the three components of career motivation? Which is most important? Which is least important? Why?
Why should companies be interested in helping employees plan their careers? What benefits can companies gain? What are the risks?
Discuss the implications that the career development model presented in this chapter may have for training and development activities.
What stage of career development are you in? What career concerns are most important to you? Are these concerns consistent with any one of the development models presented in the chapter?
Go to www.eldercare.gov, the Eldercare Locator, a public service of the U.S. Administration on Aging. What resources are available on this Web site? What topics do these resources cover?
Go to www.aoa.gov, the Web site for the Administration on Aging (AoA). Review the Web site. Is this site useful for employees seeking information about elder care? Explain the type of information
Several Web sites provide guidance to working and nonworking parents: www .en-parent.com (for the entrepreneurial parent), www.wahm.com (for work-at-home moms), and www.AtHomeDad.com for stay-at-home
Visit the Web site www.careerjournal.com. This Wall Street Journal Web site has articles related to career issues.a. Click on the tab titled Career Strategies. Choose an article to read.b. Write a
Go to www.workingmother.com, the Web site for Working Mother magazine. Review any five of the “2008 100 Best Companies” for work-life policies. What common practices do they use to help employees
Interview a relative or friend who is currently employed. The interview shoulda. Identify her current career development stage.b. Identify a special career management challenge she faces.c. Find out
What are the advantages and potential disadvantages of telecommuting for employees? For companies?
Are work-family programs the same as work-life programs? Explain.
What advantages and disadvantages might a company gain by rehiring retired employees?
How could you help downsized survivors remain motivated and productive? Rank your recommendations in order of importance. Provide a rationale for your ranking.
Why should managers be trained as part of establishing supportive work-life policies?
Why do employees plateau? How could you help a plateaued employee? Discuss the characteristics of a plateaued employee who might resist your help.
What is a dual-career path? What are the characteristics of an effective dual-career path?
How are career paths useful for employees? How can they contribute to company effectiveness?
Why are content and process important in the design of employee orientation programs? What content should an effective orientation program include? What process should be used?
Describe the stages of organizational socialization. What are the employees’ needs at each stage?
One way to diagnose transfer of training problems or to ensure that transfer of training occurs is to complete the matrix shown below. This matrix considers the responsibilities of the manager, the
Go to www.boozallenhamilton.com, the Web site for Booz Allen Hamilton, a consulting firm. Click on Careers. Review the links in this section of the Web site. Find out information about the
Go to www.buckman.com, the Web site for Buckman Laboratories. Buckman Laboratories works with industries worldwide, providing advanced chemical treatment technologies and extensive technical
This assignment relates to Application Assignment 2 in Chapter4.You now receive the following e-mail from the vice president of operations. Prepare an answer. Thanks for your recommendations
Develop specific recommendations that the instructor could use to make this class a learning organization.
Listed here are questions designed to measure trainees’ motivation to transfer training. Ask several working friends, colleagues, or fellow employees these questions. Also, ask them to discuss why
Develop a questionnaire to measure the degree to which the work environment supports transfer of training. Include the questions and the rating scales you would use. Use the checklist in Table 5.5 as
What is knowledge? Why is knowledge important? How can companies manage knowledge?
Discuss the major emphases of the identical elements, stimulus generalization, and cognitive theories of transfer.
Is training transfer an important issue in the companies where you have worked? How is transfer evaluated in those companies?
What technologies might be useful for ensuring transfer of training? Briefly describe each technology and how it could be used.
Which is the most important feature of the learning organization? Which is least important? Why?
Discuss how trainees can support each other so that transfer of training occurs.
What could be done to increase the likelihood of transfer of training if the work environment conditions are unfavorable and cannot be changed?
Distinguish between the following: (1) maintenance and generalization and (2) learning and transfer.
Consider three time periods (pretraining, during training, and after training) and three parties involved in transfer of training (manager, trainer, trainee). Construct a matrix showing what each
You have a one-day classroom experience in which you need to help a group of engineers and software programmers learn to become project managers. After training, they will have to manage some
Detailed lesson plans have important information for trainers. List the different types of information found in a detailed lesson plan. Also, indicate the importance of each type of information for
Under what circumstances might a traditional seating arrangement be superior to a fan-type seating arrangement?
How does practice help learning? What could a trainer do in a training session to ensure that trainees engage in metacognition?
Assume you are training an employee to diagnose and repair a loose wire in an electrical socket. After demonstrating the procedure to follow, you let the trainee show you how to do it. The trainee
Consider the ages of persons in the class mentioned in the previous question. What suggestions would you make to the instructor or trainer as to how to better teach the course, given the generations
What value would it be to know that you were going to be training a class of persons between the ages of 20 and 35? Would it influence the approach you would take? How?
The Department of Labor’s Occupational Information Network (O* NET) is designed to meet the goal of promoting the education, training, counseling, and employment needs of the American work force.
Go to www.uawford.com, the Web site for the UAW-Ford National Programs Center. Choose one of the joint programs to investigate. Search the Web site to find information about the program. What is the
Go to www.walmartstores.com, the Web site for Wal-Mart. Click on Careers and then click on Diversity. Review Wal-Mart’s diversity efforts. What has Wal-Mart done to strengthen its diversity? Rate
Go to fairuse.stanford.edu, a Web site called Copyright and Fair Use created by Stanford University Libraries. How does work fall into the public domain? That is, how can you use someone else’s
You are in charge of preparing a team of three managers from the United States to go to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, where you have recently acquired an auto assembly plant. The managers will be in charge
The Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America is the oldest teen mentor organization in the country. Go to its Web site at www.bbbsa.org. Read about the corporate partners; read the newsletters and press
Go to the Web site for Hewlett-Packard (HP) at www.hp.com. Click on About US, and then, click on Diversity Inclusion. Hewlett-Packard is known for its commitment to diversity. How does HP demonstrate
What are Lifelong Learning Accounts? Do you think they help retain employees or encourage them to train and then leave the company? Explain your rationale.
How can companies ensure that talented women have access to development programs?
List and discuss the steps involved in developing a succession planning system. How might a succession planning system differ between high-potential employees and employees with midlevel managerial
Discuss the implications of a skill-based pay system for training practices.
What are some potential advantages and disadvantages of attitude-awareness-based diversity training programs?
What are school-to-work transition programs? Why are they needed? How do they benefit companies?
What does “managing diversity” mean to you? Assume you are in charge of developing a diversity training program. Who would be involved? What would you include as the content of the program?

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