The cost of errors in inventory management has been estimated as high as 500 billion dollars a year in the United States. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), the technology which enabled British flight controllers in World War II to distinguish between friendly and enemy planes and which makes the EZ Pass system through highway tollbooths in some northeastern states possible, is the likely successor to bar code scanning. Tags can be almost as small as a grain of sand. Unlike the Universal Product Code used by bar code scanners, RFID does not require that the scanning device “see” the bars. Some RFID sensors can operate at 100 meters. And, unlike the Universal Product Code used by bar code scanners, the Electronic Product Code (EPC) can be programmed to add specific information that may have uses in product handling prior to sale and even in research concerning customer behavior after the purchase. It is the use of RFID technology to study customer behavior that has privacy groups concerned. An RFID trial in 2003 by Procter & Gamble triggered hidden cameras, which enabled researchers in Cincinnati to watch female customers handling lipstick in a Wal-Mart store in Oklahoma. As a California state senator said in reference to that incident, “How would you like it if…one day you realized your underwear was reporting on your whereabouts?” What are the ethical pros and cons of RFID?