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operations research an introduction
Questions and Answers of
Operations Research An Introduction
Prove that the mean and variance of the Poisson distribution during an interval t equal lt, where l is the arrival rate.
The U of A runs two bus lines on campus: red and green. The red line serves north campus and the green line serves south campus with a transfer station linking the two lines. Green buses arrive
The Springdale Public Library receives new books according to a Poisson distribution with mean 25 books per day. Each shelf in the stacks holds 100 books. Determine the following:(a) The average
The time between arrivals at L&J restaurant is exponential with mean 5 minutes. The restaurant opens for business at 11:00 a.m. Determine the following:*(a) The probability of having 10 arrivals in
In a bank operation, the arrival rate is 3 customers per minute. Determine the following:(a) The average number of arrivals during 10 minutes.(b) The probability that no arrivals will occur during
An art collector travels to art auctions once a month on the average. Each trip is guaranteed to produce one purchase. The time between trips is exponentially distributed. Determine the following:(a)
In Example 18.4-1, suppose that the clerk who enters the information from birth certificates into the computer normally waits until at least 6 certificates have accumulated. Find the probability that
Prove that the mean and standard deviation of the exponential distribution are equal.
The U of A runs two bus lines on campus: red and green. The red line serves north campus, and the green line serves south campus with a transfer station linking the two lines. Green buses arrive
The time between failures of a Kencore refrigerator is known to be exponential with mean value 9000 hrs (about 1 year of operation), and the company issues a 1-year warranty on the refrigerator. What
A customer arriving at a McBurger fast-food restaurant within 4 minutes of the immediately preceding customer will receive a 10% discount. If the interarrival time is between 4 and 5 minutes, the
In Problem 18-14, suppose that Ann pays Jim 2 cents if the next arrival occurs within 1 minute and 3 cents if the interarrival time is between 1 and 1.5 minutes. Ann receives from Jim 5 cents if the
Suppose that in Problem 18-14 the rules of the game are such that Jim pays Ann 2 cents if the next customer arrives after 1.5 minutes, and Ann pays Jim an equal amount if the next arrival is within 1
Ann and Jim, two employees in a fast-food restaurant, play the following game while waiting for customers to arrive: Jim pays Ann 2 cents if the next customer does not arrive within 1 minute;
The manager of a new fast-food restaurant wants to quantify the arrival process of customers by estimating the fraction of interarrival time intervals that will be (a) less than 1 minutes, (b)
The time between arrivals at the game room in the student union is exponential, with mean 10 minutes.(a) What is the arrival rate per hour?(b) What is the probability that no students will arrive at
Suppose that the time between breakdowns for a machine is exponential with mean 5 hours. If the machine has worked without failure during the last 4 hours, what is the probability that it will
The time between arrivals at the State Revenue Office is exponential with mean value.04 hour. The office opens at 8:00 a.m.*(a) Write the exponential distribution that describes the interarrival
In Example 18.3-1, determine the following:(a) The average number of failures per day, assuming the service is offered 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.(b) The probability of at least one failure in a
(a) Explain your understanding of the relationship between the arrival rate l and the average interarrival time. What are the units describing each parameter?(b) In each of the following cases,
In each of the situations in Problem 18-3, discuss the possibility of the customers jockeying, balking, and reneging.
True or False?(a) An impatient waiting customer may not elect to renege.(b) If a long waiting time is anticipated, an arriving customer may not elect to balk.(c) Jockeying from one queue to another
Study the following system and identify the associated queuing situations. For each situation, define the customers, the server(s), the queue discipline, the service time, the maximum queue length,
For each of the situations in Problem 18-3, identify the following: (a) nature of the calling source (finite or infinite), (b) nature of arriving customers (individually or in bulk), (c) type of the
In each of the following situations, identify the customer and the server:*(a) Planes arriving at an airport.*(b) Taxi stand serving waiting passengers.(c) Tools checked out from a crib in a
Acme Metal Jobshop is in the process of purchasing a multipurpose drill press. Two models, A and B, are available with hourly operating costs of $20 and $35, respectively.Model A is slower than model
Suppose that further analysis of the McBurger restaurant (Example 18.1-1) reveals the following additional results:Number of cashiers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Idleness (%) 0 8 12 18 29 36 42(a) What is the
Consider Problem 17-4, dealing with patients suffering from kidney failure. Determine the following measures:(a) The expected number of years a patient stays on dialysis.(b) The longevity of a
An NC machine is designed to operate properly with power voltage setting between 108 and 112 volts. If the voltage falls outside this range, the machine will stop. The power regulator for the machine
Pfifer and Carraway (2000). A company targets its customers through direct mail advertising. During the first year, the probability that the customer will make a purchase is .5, which decreases to .4
At U of A, promotion from assistant to associate professor requires the equivalent of five points (years) of acceptable performance. Performance reviews are conducted once a year, and the candidate
Students at U of A have expressed dissatisfaction with the fast pace at which the math department is teaching the one-semester Cal I. To cope with this problem, the math department is now offering
In a men’s singles tennis tournament, Andre and John are playing a match for the championship. The match is won when either player wins three out of five sets. Statistics show that there is 60%
In Problem 17-3,(a) Determine the expected number of quarters until a debt is either repaid or lost as bad debt.(b) Determine the probability that a new loan will be written off as bad debt. Repaid
An employee who is now 55 years old plans to retire at the age of 62, but does not rule out the possibility of quitting earlier. At the end of each year, he weighs his options(and state of mind
Jim must make five years worth of progress to complete his doctorate degree at ABC University. However, he enjoys the life of a student and is in no hurry to finish his degree. In any academic year
In Casino del Rio, a gambler can bet in whole dollars. Each bet will either gain $1 with probability .4 or lose $1 with probability .6. Starting with three dollars, the gambler will quit if all money
When I borrow a book from the city library, I try to return it after one week. Depending on the length of the book and my free time, there is a 30% chance that I keep it for another week. If I have
In Example 17.6-1, suppose that the labor cost for machines I and II is $25 per hour and that for inspection is only $15 per hour. Further assume that it takes 30 minutes and 20 minutes to process a
Customers tend to exhibit loyalty to product brands but may be persuaded through clever marketing and advertising to switch brands. Consider the case of three brands:A, B, and C. Customer
An amateur gardener with training in botany is tinkering with cross-pollinating pink irises with red, orange, and white irises. Annual experiments show that pink can produce 60% pink and 40% white;
Jim and Joe start a game with five tokens, three for Jim and two for Joe. A coin is tossed, and if the outcome is heads, Jim gives Joe a token; else Jim gets a token from Joe. The game ends when Jim
In Problem 17-29, intuitively, if more options (routes) are added to the maze, will the average number of trials needed to reach the exit point increase or decrease?Demonstrate the answer by adding a
A mouse maze consists of the paths shown in Figure 17.3. Intersection 1 is the maze entrance, and intersection 5 is the exit. At any intersection, the mouse has equal probabilities of selecting any
The daily weather in Fayettville, Arkansas, can be cloudy (C), sunny (S), rainy (R), or windy (W). Records over the past 90 days are CCSWRRWSSCCCRCSSWRCRRRR
Jim Bob has a history of receiving many fines for driving violations. Unfortunately for Jim Bob, modern technology can keep track of his previous fines. As soon as he has accumulated 4 tickets, his
The federal government tries to boost small business activities by awarding annual grants for projects. All bids are competitive, but the chance of receiving a grant is highest if the owner has not
In Problem 17-24, suppose that the demand for the PCs is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 with equal probabilities. Further assume that the unfilled demand is not backlogged, but that the penalty cost is still
Solve Problem 17-23, assuming that the order size, when placed, is exactly 5 pieces.
A store starts a week with at least 3 PCs. The demand per week is estimated at 0 with probability .15, 1 with probability .2, 2 with probability .35, 3 with probability .25, and 4 with probability
In Problem 17-21, suppose that the daily demand can exceed supply, which gives rise to shortage (negative inventory). The end-of-day inventory level for the past 30 days is given as: 1, 2, 0, -2, 2,
A bookstore restocks a popular book to a level of 100 copies at the start of each day.The data for the last 30 days provide the following end-of-day inventory position: 1, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0,
A car rental agency has offices in Phoenix, Denver, Chicago, and Atlanta. The agency allows one- and two-way rentals so that cars rented in one location may end up in another. Statistics show that at
Population dynamics is impacted by the continual movement of people who are seeking better quality of life or better employment. The city of Mobile has an inner-city population, a suburban
Warehouzer owns a renewable forest land for growing pine trees. Trees can fall into one of four categories depending on their age: baby (0–5 years), young (5–10 years), mature(11–15 years), and
There are three categories of income tax filers in the United States: those who never evade taxes, those who sometimes do it, and those who always do it. An examination of audited tax returns from 1
A store sells a special item whose daily demand can be described by the following pdf:Daily demand, D 0 1 2 3 P{D} .1 .3 .4 .2 The store, using daily review, is comparing two ordering policies: (1)
Some ex-cons spend the rest of their lives either free, on trial, in jail, or on probation.At the start of each year, statistics show that there is 50% chance that a free ex-con will commit a new
Joe loves to eat out in area restaurants. His favorite foods are Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and Thai. On the average, Joe pays $12.00 for a Mexican meal, $17.00 for an Italian meal, $11.00 for a
On a sunny day, MiniGolf can gross $2000 in revenues. If the day is cloudy, revenues drop by 20%. A rainy day will reduce revenues by 80%. If today’s weather is sunny, there is an 80% chance it
A museum has six rooms of equal sizes arranged in the form of a grid with two rows and three columns. Each interior wall has a door that connects adjacent rooms. Museum guards move about the rooms
A game involves four balls and two urns. A ball in either urn has 50:50 chance of being transferred to the other urn. Represent the game as a Markov chain, and show that its states are periodic with
Classify the states of the following Markov chains. If a state is periodic, determine its period: 0 1 *(a) 0 0 1 1 0 0 *(b) 100 O 120130 4 1 OETIT 0 1 3 0 0 1 .2 (c) (d) 0 0 0 0 .1 122 .7 0.5 .5 0
A die-rolling game uses a 4-square grid. The squares are designated clockwise as A, B, C, and D with monetary rewards of $4, – $2, – $6, and $9, respectively. Starting at square A, roll the die
Consider Problem 17-4.(a) For a patient who is currently on dialysis, what is the probability of receiving a transplant in two years?(b) For a patient who is currently a more-than-one-year survivor,
Suppose that Bank1 currently has $1,000,000 worth of outstanding loans. Of these, $300,000 have just been paid, $150,000 are one quarter late, $250,000 are two quarters late, $200,000 are three
Consider Problem
If the police car is currently at a call scene, determine the probability that an apprehension will take place in two patrols.
Consider Problem
Determine the probability that the professor will purchase the current model in 4 years.
Consider Problem
Pliskin and Tell (1981). Patients suffering from kidney failure can either get a transplant or undergo periodic dialysis. During any one year, 30% undergo cadaveric transplants, and 10% receive
Cyert and Associates (1963). Bank1 offers loans which are either paid when due or are delayed. If the payment on a loan is delayed by more than 4 quarters (1 year), Bank1 considers the loan a bad
A police car is on patrol in a neighborhood known for its gang activities. During a patrol, there is a 60% chance of responding in time to the location where help is needed; else regular patrol will
An engineering professor acquires a new computer once every two years. The professor can choose from three models: M1, M2, and M3. If the present model is M1, the next computer can be M2 with
Consider the infinite-horizon inventory situation with zero delivery lag and backlogged demand. Develop the optimal inventory policy based on the minimization of cost given that Holding cost for z
The pdf of the demand per period in an infinite-horizon inventory model is given as f1D2 = .08D, 0 … D … 5 The unit cost parameters are Unit selling price = $10 Unit purchase price = $8 Unit
Consider a two-period probabilistic inventory model in which the demand is backlogged, and orders are received with zero delivery lag. The demand pdf per period is uniform between 0 and 10, and the
Work Problem 16-12, assuming that there is a fixed cost of $10 associated with the delivery of donuts.
In the single-period model in Section 16.2.1, suppose that the model maximizes profit and that a setup cost K is incurred. Given that r is the unit selling price and using the information in Section
Determine the optimal inventory policy for the situation in Example 16.2-2, assuming that the setup cost is $5.
Solve Example 16.2-1, assuming that the demand is continuous and uniform during the period and that the pdf of demand is uniform between 0 and 100. (Hint: Use the results of Problem 16-14.)
Colony Shop is stocking heavy coats for next winter. Colony pays $50 for a coat and sells it for $110. At the end of the winter season, Colony offers the coats at $55 each.The demand for coats during
QuickStop provides its customers with coffee and donuts at 6:00 a.m. each day. The convenience store buys the donuts for 7 cents apiece and sells them for 25 cents apiece until 8:00 a.m. After 8:00
The U of A Bookstore offers a program of reproducing class notes for participating professors. Professor Yataha teaches a freshmen-level class with an enrollment of between 100 and 150 students,
The unit holding cost in a single-period inventory situation is $1. If the order quantity is 4 units, find the permissible range of the unit penalty cost implied by the optimal conditions. Assume
The demand for an item during a single period occurs instantaneously at the start of the period. The associated pdf is uniform between 15 and 20 units. Because of the difficulty in estimating the
Find the optimal solution for Example 16.1-2, assuming that the demand during lead time is N(100, 2). Assume that D = 10,000 gallons per month, h = $2 per gallon per month, p = $4 per gallon, and K =
In Example 16.1-2, suppose that the demand during lead time is uniform between 40 and 60 gallons. Compare the solution with that obtained in Example 16.1-2, and interpret the results. (Hint: In both
Solve Example 16.1-2, assuming that the demand during lead time is uniform between 0 and 50 gallons.
For the data given in Example 16.1-2, determine the following:(a) The approximate number of orders per month.(b) The expected monthly setup cost.(c) The expected holding cost per month.(d) The
The daily demand for camera films at a gift shop is N(300, 5). The cost of holding a roll in the shop is $.02 per day, and the fixed cost of placing a replenishment order is $30.The shop’s
The daily demand for a popular CD in a music store is approximately N(200, 20). The cost of keeping the CD on the shelves is $.04 per disc per day. It costs the store $100 to place a new order. There
In Example 16.1-1, determine the optimal inventory policy for each of the following cases:*(a) Lead time = 15 days.(b) Lead time = 25 days.(c) Lead time = 10 days.(d) Lead time = 12 days.
In the two-player, two-finger Morra game, each player shows one or two fingers, and simultaneously guesses the number of fingers the opponent will show. The player making the correct guess wins an
Colonel Blotto’s army is fighting for the control of two strategic locations. Blotto has two regiments and the enemy has three. A location will fall to the army with more regiments. Otherwise, the
UA and DU are devising their strategies for the 1994 national championship men’s college basketball game. Assessing the strengths of their respective “benches,” each coach comes up with four
On a picnic outing, 2 two-person teams are playing hide-and-seek. There are four hiding locations (A, B, C, and D), and the two members of the hiding team can hide separately in any two of the four
Consider the following two-person, zero-sum game:(a) Verify that the strategies 116 , 0, 56 2 for A and 149 54, 5 54, 02 for B are optimal, and determine the value of the game.(b) Show that the
Solve the following games graphically. The payoff is for Player A. (a) B1 B2 B2 B3 (b) B B A 2 -3 8 5 00 8 A2 3 3 -6 A2 9 5 A3 5 7
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