3. Arbitration and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in 1998 that employees cannot be required, as a condition of employment, to arbitrate claims brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. To read a discussion of the case, go to the Web site for the Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review and locate the article, ‘‘Arbitrary Civil Rights? The Case of Duffield v. Robertson Stephens’’ written by Robert S. McArthur. Use the link to Contents of Issues and scroll down to volume 32, issue 3.