2 Assume you are Menu Foods and you planned a major research study just prior to the largest pet food recall in our history.

You plan to proceed with the study and feel you must add one or more questions to measure the consumer’s confi dence that your fi rm will be able to recover. Draft a scale for each of the following types that will measure that confi dence.

a Constant-sum scale.

b Likert-type summated scale.

c Semantic differential scale.

d Stapel scale.

e Forced ranking scale.