Questions and Answers of Retail Management

How does a mainframe computer differ from a typical desktop PC in terms of recyclability?How does a laptop differ from a desktop in this respect?
The Pb in CRT funnel and face plate glass occurs as PbO and is considered stable and immobile.Under what conditions, therefore, is the lead in computer CRTs considered hazardous?
Where do mercury, chromium, and Cd occur in a personal computer? List specific components.
What are the health effects that may be associated with PVC and brominated flame retardants in computers?
How does desktop computer plastic differ in terms of recyclability with plastic from a nonfood container (e.g., HDPE or PVC)? You may wish to refer to Chapter 6 (Recycling).
What is the benefit in promulgating a separate rule for CRT recycling rather than simply relying on the Universal Waste Rule?
How are computer circuit boards managed under RCRA?
How would you expect generation of e-waste to change over the next decade? What components may disappear from the waste stream? What new products may begin to appear in large quantities?
In your opinion, are current federal and state regulations that address e-waste management and recycling adequate to ensure environmental quality over the long term? Should there be mandatory federal
List all the major electronic appliances and devices in your home. How long have you owned each? What is the expected lifetime of each? Which do you feel can be safely disposed in the trash when
In your community, how are e-wastes handled? Is there a community drop-off center or an annual special waste disposal event? Is public education adequate so that local citizens are informed about
Contact your university inventory agent and inquire as to how old or obsolete desktop PCs and laptops are managed. How many are replaced each year? Are the obsolete computers made available for
What are the major cost considerations for a community considering establishment of an e-waste recycling program? Which steps are likely to be most costly?
List possible hazards to workers involved in demanufacture of PCs, television sets, and similar equipment.
List some of the practical difficulties in recycling electronic waste.
A fire has occurred in an office that houses several dozen desktop and laptop PCs, telephones, a photocopy machine, a DVD player, and a flat screen television monitor. List possible hazards to
Locate sources on the Internet that describe the manufacture of personal computers. What wastes may be generated during the manufacture of PC circuit boards and plastic monitor housing?
The Love Canal (Niagara Falls, NY) disaster was considered by some public health officials, and environmental regulators and scientists to be a “blessing in disguise.” Explain.
Municipal solid waste is generated within a community from several sources, not just the household. List and discuss these sources.
“Sanitary landfills and incinerators are no longer adequate to address America’s waste management concerns.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Discuss.
According to the U.S. EPA definition, “solid waste” includes: (a) discarded solids;(b) discarded semisolids (sludges); (c) contained gases; (d) materials from commercial, industrial, and domestic
Under the RCRA regulations, how can a solid waste become designated as a hazardous waste?
Industrial waste may or may not include hazardous waste. Explain and provide examples.
Livestock feedlot wastes are an environmental concern due to which of the following:(a) high water content of the wastes; (b) potential for eutrophication of surface water by nitrogen; (c) high
What is the primary purpose of the Medical Waste Tracking Act? What event(s) catalyzed this legislation?
Why was the Universal Waste Rule enacted? What are its benefits and whom does it serve?
Why is ionizing radiation a human health hazard? Explain its mode of action on living organisms.
How is the majority of mining waste disposed? Agricultural waste? Low-level radioactive waste?
How are high-level nuclear wastes to be managed and disposed in the near-future? Discuss the pitfalls, in your opinion, associated with the single repository approach of nuclear waste disposal.
MSW generation is influenced by both population size and consumer lifestyle. How do these two factors differ for the United States and a less developed country, for example, India or Mexico?
Describe the waste management hierarchy under RCRA. What is the ultimate goal of such a hierarchy?
What factors have occurred over the past 50 years to increase significantly the quantities of MSW generated in the United States?
Explain why the manufacturing of consumer products using more durable, long-lived materials had been slow to catch on by both industry and the American consumer. If you have traveled to Europe or
Based on parameters such as population, economic trends, and personal lifestyles, identify the issues you feel will significantly affect waste management in the coming decade.
What is your state’s position on integrated waste management? If there is a formal program, discuss its administration and practical application, including the waste management hierarchy.
Explain how the chemical and physical properties of solid wastes have evolved over the millennia.Keep in mind the specific sources that contributed to the waste stream of the period.
What were the most common waste disposal methods of earlier societies? Approximately when did these modes of “management” change? What were the root cause(s) for the changes?
Who were the first individuals to associate improper waste disposal with adverse health effects?
What was the first civilization to create an organized waste collection workforce? The first“landfills”?
After the fall of the Roman Empire, how did waste management change? What specific factors were responsible for these changes?
Explain how an early society’s waste problems could actually compromise the security of a community.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution changed both the quantity and composition of solid wastes. How were human populations affected by the change in waste composition?
U.S. cities of the late 19th century experienced deplorable health conditions as a result of improper waste management. What were some initiatives that drastically altered urban waste management?
Discuss the efforts of George Waring on urban waste management. Were the benefits of his efforts long-lasting or only superficial and temporary?
What is the benefit of “controlled tipping” of wastes, compared with prior land disposal practices?
Discuss how landfills from 1920 to the mid-1970s were managed with regard to (a) siting,(b) day-to-day operations, (c) leachate collection and removal, (d) methane recovery, and(e) closure.
“Routine open burning of municipal wastes, in the open landfill cell, serves effectively as an expedient and cost-effective means of extending landfill lifetime.” Is this statement accurate? What
In the United States, the number of MSW landfills has declined substantially in the past 40 years, despite the fact that there seems to be ample space available to construct new facilities or expand
Discuss the evolution of MSW incineration from 19th century Europe to the present. What factors were responsible for its decline in popularity in the early 20th century? Why have incinerators
Search local historical records and old news articles to draft a chronology of waste management in your community. What specific events catalyzed some of the more important changes? Can you locate
Identify the primary state and local regulations and agencies involved in MSW management in your city or county. Who is primarily responsible for MSW recycling—a local agency, private company,
Prepare a chronology of the development of MSW legislation in your state.
Discuss how the general public can become involved in the promulgation of RCRA regulations.
Explain the difference between a law, a regulation, a policy, and a guidance document.How do they differ in terms of enforcement capability?
Discuss the evolution of the waste regulatory process in the United States. Based on industry trends and public concerns, how do you think the laws and regulations may evolve in the next decade?
Define a solid waste and a hazardous waste in general terms. What materials do they include? Then refer to Volume 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Review the definitions of a solid waste (part
What is the general relationship between RCRA and CERCLA? How do the two acts differ in terms of waste management?
Using the Internet, compare the regulations of three different states with regard to management of MSW. How do they differ in terms of sanitary landfill siting, landfill operation, siting of a
Compare the waste management regulations of a selected country (e.g., the Netherlands, Japan, India, Costa Rica) with those of the United States. What waste management issues and problems take
Since the late 1980s, many municipalities have invested substantial sums in order to obtain accurate and reliable data on local waste composition and quantities. What is the significance to a
Explain the different methods for sampling MSW for a characterization study. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Consider accuracy, feasibility, and cost.
How do waste generation multipliers work? In your opinion, are they accurate predictors of waste generation?
Fluctuations in waste composition are affected by both geographic region and season of the year. Explain.
What specific attributes of MSW are the preferred indicators of its combustion capabilities?
Explain the difference between fixed carbon and volatile matter.
List three methods for determining the energy content of the organic components in MSW.Which method most accurately reflects “real-world” energy production?
What factors must be considered when evaluating MSW as a potential fuel?
Why are lignin and cellulose only slowly biodegradable? Refer to their chemical structures.
For a city seeking to better control waste management costs, a thorough assessment of waste generated from various sources is necessary. From the city’s perspective, would waste measurements by
How does total moisture content affect overall management of MSW? Are there environmental or other implications to a high-moisture content waste stream?
Packaging makes up what percentage of the U.S. waste stream? Has this value increased, decreased, or stabilized over the past decade?
The heating value of raw MSW is (a) less than, (b) approximately equal to, or (c) higher than that for Midwest bituminous coal (approximately 12,000–14,000 Btu/lb)?
Define: heat value, putrescible.
The majority of U.S. domestic solid wastes occur as: (a) plastics, especially PVC and polyethylene;(b) metals; (c) animal manures and yard wastes; (d) paper and paper products;or (e) none of the
What are the primary sources of aluminum in the U.S. waste stream? Of glass? Paper?
What is (are) the primary source(s) of lead in MSW? Of mercury? Of cadmium?
In your community, are MSW quantities routinely being measured? If yes, compile data on the total population of the area being served; next, calculate the total weight of MSW collected and convert to
For your community, are data being collected regarding waste composition? Compute the percentage distribution of each waste component in the local waste stream. How does this distribution compare
In your community, what are possible future trends (10 years, 20 years) in the generation of food wastes, yard wastes, paper, plastic, and hazardous wastes? Consider population trends, personal
MSW composition is a critical factor in formulating waste management programs.What changes in waste composition do you predict for the next 10 years in U.S. waste composition?Justify your reasoning.
Three decades ago, it was predicted that the use of personal computers would result in a“paperless society.” Although this prediction obviously did not become a reality, has computer use affected
Estimate the chemical composition of the organic fraction of the MSW sample described below. Component Wet Weight, kg Dry Weight, kg Food waste 63.2 24.5 Yard waste 95.5 29.7 Paper products 174.0
For the waste sample in Question 23, calculate the heat content (MJ/kg) by using the modified Dulong formula.
Estimate the energy content from MSW, using the Khan equation, having the following properties: Component Paper products Corrugated cardboard Plastics Glass Metals Percent by Weight 25 15 6 8 12 15
For the following waste mixture,what is the bulk density prior to compaction? Assume that the density after compaction in the landfill cell is 575 kg/m3. Estimate the volume reduction (expressed as
Given data for the following waste sizes, calculate the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, and the weighted mean of the particle size distribution. Sieve Size, mm Particle diameter, mm 100 75 50 25
The higher heating value for cellulose, C6H10O5, is 32,500 kJ/kg. Determine the lower heating value.
Calculate the percentages of each waste component for each month. What is the predominant fraction in the waste?
Determine the average values for each component over the year.
Plot the data for total paper, plastics, food waste, and yard waste, over the year. What trends do you observe?
Plot the data for Btu and ash content at each sampling date. Are any seasonal trends observed?
Finally, perform a simple regression analysis of the heat content vs. ash content data. Is there a significant correlation between the data sets? What is the correlation coefficient (r2)?
Next time you walk through a store, identify some places or areas that may benefit from situational crime prevention.
What are some of your “hot” products? Do they align with the CRAVED framework?
How does time and space play a role in loss prevention in your industry?
Provide an example of the SARA model in your line of work. Make sure to define how the problem was discovered and analyzed, how you or your team responded to the problem, and how the method’s
Who are shoplifters? What is a common way to classify shoplifters?
What is organized retail crime? What is a critical element needed to identify these crime rings?
Describe the roles of a booster, a handler, and a fence.
What are the sources of retail loss? What is the leading source of retail loss?

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