Questions and Answers of Retail Management

List the engineering and design factors that serve to enhance combustion in an incinerator.
Discuss how each of the major types of gaseous emissions from an incinerator may be effectively removed from flue gas.
Compare and contrast the rotary kiln injection system and the liquid injection incinerator in terms of overall design, efficiency, and problems during use. Which is most suited to the destruction of
A waste mixture consisting of benzene and chlorophenol is being incinerated. Is the unit in compliance for each compound? Compound Inlet (kg/h) Outlet (kg/h) Benzene (CH) 953 0.081 Chlorobenzene
For the data in the previous question, determine if the emissions meet federal requirements for particulates.
Calculate the solids retention (θ) time in a rotary kiln incinerator with the following data:kiln length = 6 m kiln rotational velocity = 0.8 r/min kiln diameter = 1.8 m kiln slope = 0.085 m/m
For question number 9, if the desired retention time is actually 12.0 min, what should the rotational velocity be adjusted to?
In a regulatory sense, how might hazardous waste incinerator ash be designated “hazardous”?Consider both listed and characteristic hazardous wastes.
Boilers and most industrial furnaces must follow a tiered system for the regulation of both hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas. How do the tiers differ in terms of monitoring requirements, dispersion
Provide two examples of incinerator fugitive emissions. How can their releases to the environment be controlled?
A RCRA permit for a hazardous waste incinerator sets operating conditions and allowable ranges for certain critical parameters, and also requires their continuous monitoring. List the important
Suppose there are several facilities in your county that generate liquid organic hazardous waste that must be shipped off-site for treatment or disposal. Based on economic and practical factors for
Flue gas from a liquid injection incinerator contains 550 kg/h of SO2 and 475 kg/h of HCl.The dry scrubber lime feed rate is 1.5 × stoichiometric rate and is known to be about 82%efficient in
A liquid waste mixture of 64% xylene, 32% acetone, and 4% water is to be combusted in a liquid injection incinerator at 1275 kg/h. There is 35% excess air in the combustion chamber.Properties of the
List some of the key reagents used to neutralize acidic wastes. What factors are involved in choosing a neutralizing agent? What hazards may be involved in the use of certain agents?
Which of the neutralizing agents discussed in this chapter have the benefit of buffering the reaction medium?
Precipitation processes are typically focused on the removal of what types of compounds or elements? List the common counter-ions involved in precipitation.
What are the drawbacks to using an oxidizing agent such as O3 to treat a waste stream consisting of numerous organic and inorganic components, only one of which is deemed hazardous?
What is the principle of stabilization of hazardous waste? Is stabilization solely a physical process or are chemical reactions also possible?
In order to remove hexavalent chromium from a waste stream, what pretreatment step is necessary?
A metal plating solution contains 32.2 mg/L of zinc. Calculate the concentration (mol/L)of [OH−] needed to precipitate all but 0.80 mg/L of the copper. The Ksp of zinc hydroxide is 7.68 × 10−17.
Can aerobic thermophilic composting be used to treat hazardous waste? Explain.
At a metal plating facility, a precipitation system is being installed to remove zinc from the process solution. A pH meter will be used to control the feed of the hydroxide solution to the mix tank.
Aqueous sodium cyanide wastes at a metal processing industry are to be treated with chlorine and NaOH. Calculate the stoichiometric quantity of Cl2 required daily to remove the cyanide from 5 kg of
The LDR program includes treatment standards for all hazardous wastes scheduled for land disposal. It has three major components that address hazardous waste disposal, dilution, and storage. Discuss
What waste types are restricted from secure landfills under current federal regulations? Be specific.
Under what conditions may the double liner requirement be waived for a hazardous waste facility?
List the advantages of clay liner materials as compared with synthetics. What are the relative disadvantages of using clay?
What is an advantage of HDPE liners over PVC and other polymers? Are there any significant disadvantages with the use of HDPE?
Discuss three tests commonly used for assessing the integrity of a synthetic landfill liner material.
If a synthetic liner is perfectly sealed and without holes or other disturbances, molecular diffusion will allow some of the organics from the liquids ponded on top of the liner to leach through.
Is chemical compatibility with wastes of equal concern regarding installation of geomembrane caps and geomembrane liners? Explain.
What are the major purposes of layered landfill caps? How do they function?
What is the significance of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in assessing soils for landfill liners, caps, and as a soil base? How is Ks influenced by soil texture? By engineering practices
Geomembrane installation practices significantly influence potential leachate losses from a landfill. List and discuss those factors that must be considered for successful geomembrane design and
Discuss the five major classes of waste injection wells. What are the primary types of wastes acceptable in each?
Discuss the UIC program. What is its overall scope and purpose?
Under what conditions (and in what class[es] of wells) are dioxin-containing wastes permitted for injection?
What is the overall rationale for the Universal Waste Rule? What are the advantages to waste generators in complying with this rule rather than with RCRA subtitle C?
What types of facilities must comply with the Universal Waste Rule?
Are universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters required to comply with 40 CFR 264 and 265 regulations? What types of operations are exempted from the regulations?
List and describe the different classes of universal wastes. In your opinion, are other waste types appropriate for classification as universal waste? Would personal computers fit well in this
How do large- and small quantity handlers of universal waste differ from large and small quantity generators of hazardous waste in terms of weight limitations, notification requirements, and storage
How long can a facility accumulate a universal waste? How does this differ from small and large quantity generators of hazardous waste?
When are batteries considered a universal waste and what are their handling requirements?
If a large quantity handler removes electrolyte from automotive batteries, are there any requirements to determine hazardous waste characteristics? Discuss.
How do tracking requirements differ for large quantity handlers of universal wastes compared with large quantity generators of hazardous waste? Is a manifest system required for the former? Explain.
How are mixtures of universal waste and hazardous waste regulated?
If a company has several locations at which universal waste is generated, how should each location be managed in a regulatory sense, that is, is each considered a separate handler?
If a small quantity handler of universal waste generates 6250 kg of universal waste in one month in a year, does the handler’s classification change?
According to the Universal Waste Rule, if a transporter stores universal waste for more than 10 days, what will the transporter be classified as?
If an authorized state adds a waste to its universal waste category, would this designation be applicable in other states?
Because a manifest is not required for compliance with the Universal Waste Rule, how will handlers know when their universal waste finally arrives at an appropriate destination facility?
A handler who transports universal waste is considered a universal waste transporter. Does this rule apply for any quantity of universal waste?
To what aspects of used oil handling (e.g., generator requirements, transportation) do the Used Oil Management Standards (40 CFR part 279) apply? Be specific.
Discuss the general chemical composition of used oil in terms of the presence of aliphatics, aromatics, PAHs, metals, and so on. How has the oil chemically changed compared with fresh oil?
Although used oil cannot be used as a weed killer on fencerows, can it be utilized to burn brush and other unwanted vegetation? Check 40 CFR part 279.
Based on the used oil regulations, is it acceptable for a DIY oil changer to place used oil in the trash?
Is it permissible for farmers to immerse pigs or cattle in used oil in order to remove lice and mites? Check 40 CFR part 279.
Used oil generators are required to engage in “good housekeeping practices in handling used oil.” List and discuss some important requirements.
At least three bodies of federal regulations govern some aspect of used oil management.List them. Provide the appropriate citations from the Code of Federal Regulations.
Is it required that used oil be transported to permitted recycling facilities with EPA identification numbers?
What are the inspection requirements for used oil storage tanks?
What are the storage and secondary containment requirements for used oil storage tanks?
In what ways are the requirements for used oil processors and re-refiners similar to those for TSDFs as managed under RCRA subtitle C?
Discuss the most common used oil recycling methods approved by the Used Oil Management Standards. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
How does on-specification used oil differ from off-specification used oil in terms of composition?Where can off-specification used oil be burned for energy recovery? What is the rationale for the use
The ash from used oil-burning space heaters must be removed and disposed properly. Prior to disposal, is the generator responsible for any special management of the ash?
Under what condition(s) must used oil be disposed as a subtitle C hazardous waste?
What is an approved procedure for rendering used oil filters acceptable for disposal? Can drained and crushed oil filters be disposed in a subtitle D landfill?
Where in your community can you bring used oil for recycling? How is the oil managed(how is it stored, where is it shipped for processing, etc.)? Can used oil filters be brought to this facility?
Trace the chronology of the Used Oil Management Standards. How did the waste classification for used oil evolve?
List the primary institutions generating medical waste in the United States. In which specific institution is the majority produced?
What is the status of the Medical Waste Tracking Act?
How is incineration of medical waste regulated?
List and discuss the alternatives to incineration for treating and disposing of medical waste.
Which federal agencies other than EPA regulate potentially infectious medical waste?
What regulations exist regarding land disposal of medical waste?
What is the difference between infectious waste and medical waste?
Teeth are considered infectious waste. Under federal regulations, is it permissible to bring an extracted tooth home from the dentist?
The Robust Health Care Company generates very little infectious waste (less than 20 kg, or about 50 lb/month). How are they required to manage these wastes?
What exemptions exist to the definition of regulated medical waste?
What are the container requirements for RMW? How are sharps to be containerized?
What are the requirements regarding tracking of medical waste shipments? How are nonreturned forms to be addressed?
What specific microorganisms are employed to test the efficiency of sterilization by autoclaving?Describe the procedure.
What federal regulations exist for management of C&D debris?
What C&D materials are most frequently recovered from C&D sites? Of these, which has the highest rate of recycling?
Are land clearing debris such as stumps, rocks, and soil included in state definitions of C&D debris? Check the U.S. EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/solid/c&d.html, for California’s
Will it cost a typical contractor more to recycle or to reuse C&D debris? Discuss.
How do U.S. states regulate C&D debris? Are state programs relatively consistent?Check the U.S. EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/solid/c&d.html for state regulations from Arizona,
In your community, find out how C&D debris is managed. Is it typically landfilled or recycled? Who is in charge of managing and transporting C&D debris: private haulers or the municipality?
How does gypsum, CaSO4, affect soil physical and chemical properties? Is it a noxious compound or does it benefit soil?
How is CCA-treated wood managed under RCRA? Is it to be handled as a hazardous waste?
Are there any hazards associated with burning CCA-treated wood?
How are old asphalt shingles recycled? What are common uses for recycled shingles?
What federal agencies regulate asbestos-containing shingles? What are the minimum asbestos contents to be eligible for regulation?
Describe deconstruction. If an academic building on your campus were to be deconstructed, what would the primary recovered materials be? Consider plumbing, wiring, and interior woodwork, external
Is deconstruction worth the effort? List the potential benefits of deconstruction.
What are the trends in generation of e-waste in the United States over the past two decades?How are the majority of e-wastes managed (landfill, stockpile, reuse, etc.)? Does the current recycling
What is the contribution of consumer electronic products to the lead (Pb) input to sanitary landfills? What is the contribution to Cd input and Mercury input?

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