Questions and Answers of Sport Funding And Finance

Explain the difference between the organization of sport 50 years ago, and how it looks today.
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of traditional sport with the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary sport.
Discuss the relative importance of the state, the market, and civil society in driving sport in your region or nation.
Why is sport so important to so many people?
Do you agree with the statement that without fans there would be no commercialized sport? And, if so why?
Describe the main features of professional sport, and identify the main beneficiaries.
Explain how the Olympic Games transformed itself financially over the last 50 years.
What are the two dominant, and the one emerging, financial hubs of world sport?
Why is good financial management so important to the viability of sport?
What are the main factors leading to sport’s escalating costs?
Contrast the kitchen-table model of sport management with the corporate model of sport management.
Using the kitchen-table/corporate model of sport as a base, explain how Andreff and Staudohar (2002) have used a three-phase model of sport organization development to explain the different ways
Sport can use funds for capital development or operational activities.What is the difference between these two sets of financing activities?
Provide three examples of where funds can be accessed for capital investment.
Discuss the ways in which sport’s revenue-raising strategies have changed over the last 50 years. What might explain these changes?
Distinguish between operating revenue and operating expenses, and give three examples of each that are particularly relevant to sport.
In what ways is sport similar to business?
In what ways is sport different from business?
What makes the product–quality issue such a problem for sport?
Why is branding and image-building an important issue for sport organizations?
Identify the seven most important revenue sources for professional sport teams.
Explain how sport stadia are used to generate revenue for stadium owners, teams, and leagues.
Rank North American sport leagues on the basis of their average team revenues.
Calculate the proportion of total team revenues accounted for by player payments.
Explain how the Olympic Games are funded.
Over the last 30 years how important has government been as a funding source for the Olympic Games?
Compare the capital cost of hosting the last four Olympic Games with their operating costs.
Explain the origins of the EPL, and the source of its commercial growth.
How wealthy are EPL clubs, and how do the revenue streams compare to North American professional sport teams?
Contrast the revenues of the main professional sport teams in Australia.How would you explain the revenue gap between AFL and NRL?
A profitable sport organization is not the same as a wealthy sport organization.Please explain.
Profitability in sport can come from a number of factors. One factor is the sport’s surrounding industry structure and conduct. Please explain.
According to Szymanski and Kuypers (2000) some sport organizations are more profitable than others because they have a superior competitive strategy. Identify four tactical focal points that can be
Another way of looking at how sport organizations can secure a continuing profit is to examine the contributions made to sporting performance and financial performance. Explain how Gerrard (2005)
Foster et al. (2006) have listed six drivers that impact on sport clubs’ financial sustainability. What are they, and how do they influence revenues and costs?
How is profitability linked to value and wealth?
Compare the use of market capitalization and market multiples as tools for estimating a sport organization’s market value.
How can asset values and shareholder’s equity be used to measure a sport organization’s market value?
To what extent is a sport club’s market value affected by expected future earnings? Give an example.
Identify the main features of a cartel.
In what ways is a cartel similar to a monopoly?
What do cartels do in order to restrict competition, contain costs, and increase revenue?
What are the main features of a sport cartel, and how might it go about constraining the conduct of its member clubs in order to secure its financial future?
What cartel-like features does the AFL possess?
How does the AFL go about restricting competition, constraining its costs, and increasing revenue?
Why is the concept of competitive balance so important in the AFL, and what does it do to secure a more balance competition?
Why is reputation and brand image important to the AFL, and how does it use its monopoly power to improve it?
How does the AFL use its monopoly power to maximize its income from broadcasting rights fees?
Contrast the cartel-like conduct of the National Football League (NFL)with the operation of English Premier League (EPL).
How would you rank the AFL, EPL, and NFL in terms of their cartel structure and conduct?
Why is pricing so important to the financial viability of sport organizations?
What is meant by full cost recovery pricing?
Contrast full cost recovery pricing with pricing below cost. Under what circumstance would it be possible and proper to price below cost for a sport service? Where does equity pricing fit into this
Give examples of cost-plus pricing in sport.
How does demand-based pricing work in sport?
Give examples of sport products that might have a low-price elasticity of demand, and those sport products that might have a high-price elasticity of demand.
How does prestige pricing work in sport, both at the low and high end of the market? And, how is quality-assurance pricing linked to prestige pricing?
How does discriminatory pricing work in sport? Give examples from community sport and recreation, and professional sport leagues.
Contrast penetration pricing with skimming pricing. Under what conditions would one approach be used over the other?
How important is competition pricing in sport?
What are the pressures on ticket prices in professional sport?
Is there any evidence that higher ticket prices for professional sport league games are threatening attendance levels?
Why are tourists and visitors an important part of a sport event?
When people talk about the economic impact of a sport event on the host city, what do they mean?
What are some of the non-economic impacts on sport events?
How might the economic impact argument be used to secure government funds for a major sport event?
How is total visitor expenditure of an event calculated? What are the difficulties involved in calculating this figure?
How is an economic multiplier used to calculate the economic impact of a sporting event? And, what values are usually given to the multiplier?
List the main difficulties in securing accurate measures of economic impacts of sport events.
What is the difference between an economic impact statement and a cost–benefit analysis of a sport event? Which is better for deciding where funds should be allocated to obtain the best outcome for
Compare and contrast the economic and other costs and benefits that resulted from the BCOTC and the Pleasantville Special Games. Identify the items that are essential for constructing an economic
What is a feasibility study and what does it aim to do?
Where should you begin when conducting a feasibility study?
Why is it so important to undertake a detailed market analysis as part of a feasibility study?
What is a concept plan, and where does it fit into a feasibility study?
Why is it so important to distinguish between capital costs and running or operating costs when doing a feasibility study?
What goes into the construction of operating revenue and expense estimates?
How might you go about constructing different scenarios for the financial projections of a feasibility study?
Review the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal to build and operate a go-cart track.
What is the benefit of having a mainly public funded and managed sport facility?
What is the benefit of having a mainly privately funded and managed sport facility?
How do you explain the shift over recent years to more PPPs in the field of sport facility development?
What is meant by the term CSR and how does it relate to the concept of triple bottom line accounting?
How can CSR be applied to sport?
How did the GRI originate, and what does it hope to achieve?
How can the GRI model be applied to sport clubs, associations, events, and leagues?
In what ways might the development of strategic alliances and partnerships in sport sustain its financial viability?
Discuss the different funding scenarios that sport will face in the future.
Having read the Barry Blockhead volleyball tournament case, would you offer the same advice to council as Barry, or would you do things differently?
Give an example of how a change in admission price levels for a sport event can impact on the break-even level of attendance.
What is BEA all about, and what does it aim to do?
How might costs be segmented to better understand how costs can vary in response to changes in the supply of a sports good or service?
What are costs?
Describe the simplest form of capital budgeting, and explain how it assists in making decisions about investment and capital expenditure.
What is variance analysis, and how can it assist the budget process?
How can a program budget be converted into a performance budget?
What is a line-item budget and how does it differ from a program budget?
Contrast an operating budget with a capital budget.
What benefits arise from the budget process?
What is the purpose of a budget?

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