1. The results of two tests used to diagnose functional dyspepsia are displayed in Table 18.17.

(a) What is the study design?

(b) Estimate concordance rate, and its 95% CI.

(c) Estimate the Kappa coefficient. What is the difference between concordance rate and Kappa coefficient?

(d) Suppose that test B is the gold standard; construct a four-fold table.

(e) Using the table obtained in (d), calculate sensitivity (95% CI), specificity (95% CI), Youden’s Index, likelihood ratios, and interpret the results.

(f) Using the table obtained in (d), can we predict the probability of functional dyspepsia given a positive result with test A? Why?