1. To compare the safety of two treatment methods for patients with diabetes, 161 patients were randomly...

Question:

1. To compare the safety of two treatment methods for patients with diabetes, 161 patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group to observe the occurrence of adverse events such as hypoglycemia. The results are given in Table 11.17.

Please answer the following questions:

(a) What is the design of this study?

(b) Which methods can be used to test the difference in hypoglycemic incidence between the two groups? Please state H0, H1 and the necessary requirements for conducting the tests.

(c) Explain how the χ2 distribution may be derived and the underlying rationale for testing the difference in the incidence of hypoglycemic events between the experimental and control groups.

(d) Explain the rationale behind the method of computing the expected frequencies in a test of independence.

(e) Compare the incidence of hypoglycemic events using the χ2 test and interpret the results.

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