Appraisals and negative emotions. According to psychological theory, each negative emotion one has is linked to some thought (appraisal) about the environment. This theory was tested in the journal Cognition and Emotion (Vol. 24, 2010). Undergraduate students were asked to respond to events that occurred within the past 15 minutes. Each student rated the negative emotions he or she felt (e.g., anger, sadness, fear, or guilt) and gave an appraisal of the event

(e.g., unpleasant or unfair). A total of 10,797 responses were evaluated in the study, of which 594 indicated a perceived unfairness appraisal. Of these unfairness appraisals, the students reported feeling angry in 127 of them. Consider a response randomly selected from the study.

a. What is the probability that the response indicates a perceived unfairness appraisal?

b. Given a perceived unfairness appraisal, what is the probability of an angry emotion?