Teenagers’ use of emoticons in school writing. Refer to the Pew Internet and American Life Project (Apr. 2008) survey of the writing habits of U.S. teenagers, Exercise 7.69

(p. 371). Recall that in a random sample of 700 teenagers, 448 admitted to using at least one informal element in school writing assignments. [Note: Emoticons, such as using the symbol “:)” to represent a smile, and abbreviations, such as writing “LOL” for “laughing out loud,” are considered informal elements.] Is there evidence to indicate that less than 65% of all U.S. teenagers have used at least one informal element in school writing assignments?

Test the relevant hypotheses using a = .05.