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survey of accounting
Questions and Answers of
Survey of Accounting
=+Estimated Estimated Variable Cost Fixed Cost_(per unit sold)Production costs:Direct materials — $ 8.90 Direct labor — 3.80 Factory overhead $ 80,200 2.10 Selling expenses:Sales salaries and
=+P11-6 Contribution margin, break-even sales, cost-volume-profit chart, margin ofsafety, and operating leverage Objs 2, 3, 4, 6 SPREADSHEET/ 2. 40.0%Aspen Co. expects to maintain the same
=+3. Assume that the sales mix was 50% Decorative Indoor Flower Pot and 50% Rugged Outdoor Flower Pot. Compare the break-even point with that in part (1). Why is it so different?Cost Behavior and
=+2. Based on the break-even sales (units) in part (1), determine the unit sales ofboth the Deco¬rative Indoor Flower Pot and Rugged Outdoor Flower Pot for the current year
=+1. Determine the estimated units ofsales ofthe overall product necessary to reach the break¬even point for the current year.
=+P11-5 Sales mix and break-even sales Obj 5 SPREADSHEET
=+4. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in (3), determine (a) the income from opera¬tions ifsales total 2,500 units and (b) the maximum income from operations that could be realized during
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for the current year, assuming that a noncancelable contract is signed for the additional billboard advertising. No changes
=+2. Using the cost-volume-profit chart prepared in part (1), determine (a) the income from operations for last year and (b) the maximum income from operations that could have been realized during
=+1. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart indicating the break-even sales for last year. Verify your answer, using the break-even equation.
=+P11-4 Break-even sales and costvolume-profit chart Objs 3, 4/ 1.1,500 units Last year, Pocket PC Co. had sales of $430,000, based on a unit selling price of $215. The vari¬able cost per unit was
=+4. Determine the probable income (loss) from operations ifsales total 29,000 units.
=+3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart, assuming maximum sales of 40,000 units within the relevant range.
=+2. Compute the sales (units) required to realize income from operations of $95,000.
=+1. Compute the anticipated break-even sales (units).
=+/ 1.17,500 units For the coming year, Wisconsin Products Inc. anticipates a unit selling price of $72, a unit vari able cost of $34, and fixed costs of $665,000.Instructions
=+8. Based on the data given, would you recommend accepting the proposal? Explain.
=+7. Ifthe proposal is accepted and sales remain at the 2008 level, what will the income or loss from operations be for 2009?
=+6. Determine the maximum income from operations possible with the expanded plant.
=+5. Determine the amount ofsales (units) that would be necessary under the proposed program to realize the $534,375 ofincome from operations that was earned in 2008.
=+4. Compute the break-even sales (units) under the proposed program.
=+3. Compute the break-even sales (units) for 2008.
=+2. Determine for 2008 (a) the unit variable cost and (b) the unit contribution margin.
=+1. Determine for 2008 the total fixed costs and the total variable costs.
=+The division of costs between fixed and variable is as follows:Fixed Variable Cost ofsales 40% 60%Selling expenses 50% 50%Administrative expenses 75% 25%Management is considering a plant expansion
=+P11-2 Break-even sales under present and proposed conditions Objs 2, 3 V 3.13,250 units French Board Inc., operating at full capacity, sold 25,125 units at a price of $75 per unit during 2008. Its
=+Cost Fixed Cost Variable Cost Mixed Cost
=+t. Foam rubber for cushion fillings Instructions Classify the preceding costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed. Use the following tabular headings and place an “X” in the appropriate column.
=+r. Rental costs ofwarehouse, $15,000 per month s. Straight-line depreciation on factory equipment
=+q. Cartons used to ship sofas
=+p. Legal fees paid to attorneys in defense ofthe company in a patent infringement suit, $ 15,000 plus $175 per hour
=+m. Hourly wages ofsewing machine operators Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 433 n. Salary of designers o. Property taxes on property, plant, and equipment
=+New Age Furniture Company manufactures sofas for distribution to several major retail chains.The following costs are incurred in the production and sale ofsofas:a. Springsb. Consulting fee of
=+c. Why is there a difference in the increase in income from operations for the two companies?Explain.
=+b. How much would income from operations increase for each company ifthe sales of each increased by 10%?
=+a. Compute the operating leverage for Juras Inc. and Hinson Inc.
=+Juras Inc. and Hinson Inc. have the following operating data:Juras_Hinson Sales $160,000 $215,000 Variable costs 130,000 115,000 Contribution margin $ 30,000 $100,000 Fixed costs 20,000 75,000
=+El 1-24 At a recent staffmeeting, the management of Horn Technology Products was considering Break-even and margin of discontinuing the Plercules line oflaptop computers from the product line. The
=+b. Ifthe margin ofsafety for Porter Company was 20%, fixed costs were $600,000, and variable costs were 70% ofsales, what was the amount of actual sales (dollars)? (Hint: Determine the break-even
=+a. IfLarker Company, with a break-even point at $450,000 ofsales, has actual sales of$500,000, what is the margin ofsafety expressed (1) in dollars and (2) as a percentage of sales?
=+b. How many business class and tourist class seats would be sold at the break-even point?
=+a. Compute the break-even number ofseats sold on a single round-trip flight for the overall product. Assume that the overall product is 20% business class and 80% tourist class tickets.
=+E11-22 Break-even sales and sales mix for a service company Obj 5/a. 65 seats Fly-by-Night Airways provides air transportation services between New York and Miami. A single New York to Miami
=+b. How many units of each product, marshmallow bunnies and jelly beans, would be sold at the break-even point?
=+a. Compute the break-even sales (units) for the overall product, E.
=+Candies Inc. manufactures and sells two products, marshmallow bunnies and jelly beans. The fixed costs are $350,000, and the sales mix is 70% marshmallow bunnies and 30% jelly beans.The unit
=+E11-20 Break-even chart Obj 4 Name the following chart, and identify the items represented by the letters (a) through (f).Operating Profit(Loss)$150,000$100,000$50,000
=+in part (c).Name the following chart, and identify the items represented by the letters (a) through (f).Sales and Costs 000$100,000$50,000
=+Using the data for Knight Inc. in Exercise 11-17, (a) determine the maximum possible operating loss, (b) compute the maximum possible income from operations, (c) construct a profit-volume chart,
=+What is the main advantage ofpresenting the cost-volume-profit analysis in graphic form rather than equation form?
=+How much revenue per account would be sufficient for Sprint Nextel to break even ifthe number of accounts remained constant?
=+a. What is Sprint Nextels break-even number of accounts, using the data and assumptions above? Round units to the nearest million.
=+Assume that 70% ofthe cost ofrevenue and 40% ofthe selling, general, and administrative expenses are variable to the number of direct subscribers (accounts).
=+Sprint Nextel is one ofthe largest digital wireless service providers in the United States. In a recent year, it had 39.7 million direct subscribers (accounts) that generated revenue of $14,647
=+Determine the number of new customer accounts needed to break even on the cost ofthe promotional campaign. In forming your answer, (1) treat the cost of mailing the disk as a fixed cost, and (2)
=+Cost per disk (including mailing)Number of months an average new customer stays with the service (including the three free months)Revenue per month per customer account Variable cost per month per
=+The America Online division of Time Warner has fueled its growth by using aggressive promotion strategies. One ofthese strategies is to send compact disk software to potential customers, offering
=+b. Compute the anticipated break-even sales (units), assuming that the unit selling price is increased and all costs remain constant.
=+a. Compute the current break-even sales (units).
=+b. Compute the anticipated break-even sales (barrels) for the following year.Currently, the unit selling price of a product is $300, the unit variable cost is $225, and the total fixed costs are
=+Rounding to the nearest cent:a. Compute the break-even sales (barrels) for the current year.
=+In addition, Anheuser-Busch sold 136 million barrels ofbeer during the year. Assume that variable costs were 70% ofthe cost of goods sold and 45% ofmarketing and distribution expenses. Assume that
=+Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., reported the following operating information for a recent year (in millions):Net sales $14,935 Cost of goods sold $ 8,983 Marketing and distribution 2,590$11,573
=+For the current year ending March 31, Zing Company expects fixed costs of $425,750, a unit variable cost of $40, and a unit selling price of $65.a. Compute the anticipated break-even sales
=+c. How much would income from operations increase ifsame-store sales increased by $450 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or fixed costs?
=+b. What is McDonald’s contribution margin ratio? Round to two decimal places.
=+a. What is McDonald’s contribution margin? Round to the nearest million.
=+Income from operations $ 2,866 Assume that the variable costs consist offood and packaging, payroll, and 40% ofthe general, selling, and administrative expenses.
=+For a recent year, McDonald’s had the following sales and expenses (in millions):Sales $15,352 Food and packaging $ 5,204 Payroll 4,040 Occupancy (rent, depreciation, etc.) 1,022 General,
=+El 1-9 66#Contribution margin ratio Obj 2 b-/a. 55%Spock Company budgets sales of $840,000, fixed costs of $378,000, and variable costs of$378,000. What is the contribution margin ratio for Spock
=+Determine the variable cost per gross-ton mile and the fixed cost.
=+Ell-8 High-low method for service company Obj 1 y Fixed cost, Great Plains Railroad decided to use the high-low method and operating data from the past six months to estimate the fixed and variable
=+b. Based on part (a), estimate the total cost for .25,000 units ofproduction.
=+a. Determine the variable cost per unit and the fixed cost.
=+Ell-7 High-low method Obj 1/a. $10.00 per unit W & O Inc. has decided to use the high-low method to estimate the total cost and the fixed and variable cost components ofthe total cost. The data for
=+Complete the cost schedule, identifying each cost by the appropriate letter (a) through (o).
=+Ell-6 Relevant range and fixed and variable costs Obj 1/a. $0.40 Laser Tex Inc. manufactures low-end computer components within a relevant range of 100,000 to 140,000 disks per year. Within this
=+El 1-5 Identify fixed and variable costs Obj 1 Intuit Inc. develops and sells software products for the personal finance market, including pop¬ular titles such as Quicken® and TurboTax®.
=+E11-4 Identity activity bases Obj 1 From the following list of activity bases for an automobile dealership, select the base that would be most appropriate for each of these costs: (1) preparation
=+Housing personnel wagesc. Number ofstudent/athletes Admissions office salaries'”* -^1— *- —d. Number of enrollment applications School suppliese. Number ofstudents living on campus Record
=+Ell-3 Identify activity bases Obj 1 For a major university, match each cost in the following table with the appropriate to it. An activity base may t>e used more than once, or not activity bas used
=+Salary of quality control supervisor, $5,000 per month Total direct materials cost Electricity costs of $3,000 per month plus $0.05 per kilowatt-hour Per-unit cost ofstraight-line depreciation on
=+The following cost graphs illustrate various types of cost behavior:Identify cost graphs Obj 1 Cost Graph One Cost Graph Two Cost Graph Three Cost Graph Four Total Units Produced For each ofthe
=+El 1-2; 4. Pension cost, $0.50 per employee hour on the job 5. Hourly wages ofmachine operators 6. Rent on warehouse, $5,000 per month plus $5 per square foot ofstorage 7. Refrigerant used in
=+E11-1 Classify costs Ob] 1 Following is a list ofvarious costs incurred in producing frozen pizzas. With respect to the production and sale offrozen pizzas, classify each cost as either variable,
=+17. The reliability of cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis depends upon several key assumptions. What are those primary assumptions?Exercises
=+16. What does operating leverage measure, and how is it computed?
=+15. How does the sales mix affect the calculation ofthe break-even point?
=+14. Both Stratton Company and Callahan Company had the same sales, total costs, and income from operations for the current fiscal year; yet Stratton Company had a lower break-even point than
=+13. Ifinsurance rates are increased, what effect will this change in fixed costs have on the break-even point?
=+12. Ifthe unit cost of direct materials is decreased, what effect will this change have on the break-even point?
=+11. An examination ofthe accounting records ofHudson Company disclosed a high contribution margin ratio and production at a level below maximum capacity.Based on this information, suggest a likely
=+10. Iffixed costs increase, what would be the impact on the(a) contribution margin? (b) income from operations?
=+9.In applying the high-low method of cost estimation, how is the total fixed cost estimated?
=+8. Which ofthe following graphs best illustrates fixed costs per unit as the activity base changes?(b)'c 3L.ai ai/i 4-/1/1 ou 0 Activity Base
=+Cost Behavior and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 425(b)o u'c 30 Total Units Produced
=+7. Which ofthe following graphs illustrates how unit variable costs behave with changes in total units produced?
=+6. Which ofthe following graphs illustrates how total variable costs behave with changes in total units produced?(b)V, o u~03 4-J p0 Total Units Produced
=+5. In cost analyses, how are mixed costs treated?
=+4. How would each ofthe following costs be classified if units produced is the activity base?a. Straight-line depreciation ofplant and equipmentb. Salary offactory supervisor ($80,000 per year)c.
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