You are a world-famous physicist-lawyer defending a client who has been charged with murder. It is alleged that your client, Mr. Smith, shot the victim, Mr. Wesson. The detective who investigated the scene of the crime found a second bullet, from a shot that missed Mr. Wesson, that had embedded itself into a chair. You arise to cross-examine the detective.

You: In what type of chair did you find the bullet?
Det: A wooden chair.
You: How massive was this chair?
Det: It had a mass of 20 kg.
You: How did the chair respond to being struck with a bullet?
Det: It slid across the floor.
You: How far?
Det: A good three centimeters. The slide marks on the dusty floor are quite distinct.
You: What kind of floor was it?
Det: A wood floor, very nice oak planks.
You: What was the mass of the bullet you retrieved from the chair?
Det: Its mass was 10 g.
You: And how far had it penetrated into the chair?
Det: A distance of 1.5 cm.
You: Have you tested the gun you found in Mr. Smith’s possession?
Det: I have.
You: What is the muzzle velocity of bullets fired from that gun?
Det: The muzzle velocity is 450 m/s.
You: And the barrel length?
Det: The gun has a barrel length of 16 cm. With only a slight hesitation, you turn confidently to the jury and proclaim, “My client’s gun did not fire these shots!” How are you going to convince the jury and the judge?