a. For this question refer back to Figure 23.3. If there are four molecules in the gas jar on the left, how many ways of arranging the molecules are there when the partition is removed?

b. What is the probability of finding all four molecules in the right-hand gas jar?

c. Which of the following changes are likely to be spontaneous?

i. Sugar dissolving in water

ii. The smell from an open bottle of aqueous ammonia diffusing throughout a room

iii. Water turning to ice at 10°C

iv. Ethanol vaporising at 20°C

v. Water mixing completely with cooking oil

vi. Limestone (calcium carbonate) decomposing at room temperature.

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2) 3) 3) 2 (3. (2) 3 3 3) (2) Figure 23.3 The eight possible arrangements of molecules after removing the partition between the gas jars.