Aluminium chloride, AlCl₃, and ammonia, NH₃, are both covalent molecules.

a. i. Draw a diagram of an ammonia molecule, showing its shape. Show any lone pairs of electrons.

ii. State the bond angle in the ammonia molecule.

b. Explain why ammonia is a polar molecule.

c. An ammonia molecule and an aluminium chloride molecule can join together by forming a co-ordinate bond.

i. Explain how a co-ordinate bond is formed.

ii. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in the compound formed between ammonia and aluminium chloride, H₃NAlCl₃. (Use a for a nitrogen electron, a for an aluminium electron and an for the hydrogen and chlorine electrons.)

d. Aluminium chloride molecules join together to form a compound with the formula Al₂Cl₆. Draw a displayed formula (showing all atoms and bonds) to show the bonding in one Al₂Cl₆ molecule.

Show the dative covalent bonds by arrows.

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