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The decomposition of calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 (s) CaO(s) + CO 2 (g), does not take

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The decomposition of calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g), does not take place at room temperature.

a. Explain in terms of entropy changes why heating the calcium carbonate to a high temperature increases the likelihood of this reaction taking place.

b. In a closed system at high temperature, the reactants and products are in equilibrium.

CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g)

i. Explain the meaning of the term closed system.

ii. Explain in terms of entropy changes what happens when the pressure on this system is increased.

iii. What is the value of the standard total entropy change at equilibrium?

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a At room temperature the entropy of the reactants CaCO3s and CaOs is lower than the entropy of the ...View the full answer


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The experiment aims to show the impact of various beverages on teeth by using eggs as a representation of enamel. Three eggs are boiled and then placed in glasses filled with fizzy drinks, vinegar, and mango juice for 24 hours. The shells of eggs are similar to enamel as they are composed of calcium carbonate, and enamel is primarily made of calcium phosphate. The eggs are then observed to demonstrate the effects of the different liquids on teeth and the importance of brushing regularly. The egg placed in fizzy drink has turned dark in color but can be cleaned by brushing with toothpaste and rinsing with water. The egg placed in vinegar has had its shell softened due to the chemical reaction of vinegar and calcium carbonate, which can\'t be reversed. This highlights the fact that acids are more damaging to teeth than other substances. The egg placed in mango juice represents the process of bacteria in the mouth converting sugars and starches into acids that form plaque, which can be prevented by brushing. The use of fluoride in toothpaste is also highlighted as it slows down the demineralization process and protects the enamel. The importance of brushing teeth twice a day is emphasized.

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