An immersed bundle vaporizer is to be used to supply chlorine vapor to a chlorination reactor, at a rate of 10,000 kg/h. The chlorine vapor is required at 5 bar pressure. The minimum temperature of the chlorine feed will be 10°C. Hot water at 50°C is available for heating. The pressure drop on the water side must not exceed 0.8 bar.

Design a vaporizer for this duty. Use stainless steel U-tubes, 6 m long, 21 mm inside diameter, 25 mm outside diameter, on a square pitch of 40 mm.

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The physical properties of chlorine at 5 bar are saturation temperature 10°C, heat of vaporization 260 kJ/kg, specific heat 0.99 kJkg-¹°C 1, ther- mal conductivity 0.13 Wm-¹°C-1, density 1440 kg/m³, viscosity 0.3 mN m2s, surface tension 0.013 N/m, vapor density 16.3 kg/m³. The vapor pressure can be estimated from the equation Ln(P) = 9.34 – 1978/(T+246); P bar, T°C