Waste reduction is an important goal of the green chemistry movement. In many chemical syntheses in industry, not all the atoms required for the reaction appear in the product.
Some end up in byproducts and are wasted. “Atom economy” is the use of as few atoms as possible to reach an end product and is calculated as a percentage, by using atom economy = (mass of desired product obtained)/(mass of all reactants consumed) * 100%.

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(a) Consider the following synthesis of CH3CH=CHCH3: ethanol CH3CHCHBRCH3 + CH3CHO CHCH=CHCH3 +CH3CHOH + Br Identify the type of reaction (substitution, elimination, addition). (b) Name each organic reactant and product. (c) Does the CHCHO ion function as a nucleophile, an electrophile, or neither? (d) Calculate the atom economy of the reaction, assuming 100% yield. (e) An alternative synthesis of CHCH=CHCH3 is CH3CHCHBrCH3 + CHO methanol CHCH=CHCH3 + CH3OH + Br Calculate the atom economy for the reaction, assuming 100% yield.