Dickens Corporation has 25,000 shares outstanding of $10 par value, 6% preferred stock, and 50,000 shares outstanding of $10 parvalue common stock. In its first 5 years of operation, the company paid the following dividends: 2015, $0; 2016, $15,000; 2017, $45,000; 2018, $0; 2019, $77,400. Calculate the dividends paid to preferred and common stockholders under the following three independent situations:

1. Preferred stock is noncumulative and nonparticipating.

2. Preferred stock is cumulative and nonparticipating.

3. Preferred stock is cumulative and fully participating.