Calculate the total number of bits required for the cache listed in the table, assuming a 32-bit address. Given that total size, find the total size of the closest direct-mapped cache with 16-word blocks of equal size or greater. Explain why the second cache, despite its larger data size, might provide slower performance than the first cache.

There are many different design parameters that are important to a cache’s overall performance. The table below lists parameters for different direct-mapped cache designs.

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a. b. Cache Data Size 32 KB 32 KB Cache Block Size 2 words 4 words Cache Access Time 1 cycle 2 cycle