Ben Bitdiddle has written a program with 16 major modules of code. Each module contains several procedures. In the first implementation of his program, he finds that each module contains at least one call to every other module. Each module contains 100 lines of code.

a How long is Ben’s program in lines of code?

b How many module interconnections are there in his implementation? (Each call from one module to another is an interconnection.) Ben decides to change the implementation. Now there are four main modules, each containing four submodules in a one-level hierarchy. The four main modules each have calls to all the other main modules, and within each main module, the four submodules each have calls to one another. There are still 100 lines of code per submodule, but each main module needs 100 lines of management code.

c How long is Ben’s program now?

d How many interconnections are there now? Include module-to-module and submodule-to-submodule interconnections.

e Was using hierarchy a good decision? Why or why not?