The following table presents the U.S. unemployment rate for each of the years 1993 through 2016.

a. Construct a time-series plot of the unemployment rate.

b. For which periods of time was the unemployment rate increasing? For which periods was it decreasing?

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Year Unemployment Year Unemployment 1993 6.9 2005 5.1 1994 6.1 2006 4.6 1995 5.6 2007 4.6 1996 5.4 2008 5.8 1997 4.9 2009 9.3 1998 4.5 2010 9.6 1999 4.2 2011 8.9 2000 4.0 2012 8.1 2001 4.7 2013 7.4 2002 5.8 2014 6.1 2003 6.0 2015 5.4 2004 5.5 2016 4.9