Study each of the following cases. Answer the questions that follow with Yes or No.

Lackowitz, a college student, was concerned about a final examination. During previous examinations in the same course, he had seen other students cheat and obtain good grades. If he failed the course, he would need to repeat it and pay additional tuition. Also, if he had to repeat the course, his graduation would be delayed one semester, as would his entry into the full-time job market.
The financial considerations were of great concern to him.
a. Would Lackowitz be justified in cheating on the examination?
b. Could a decision by Lackowitz to inform the instructor about the cheating that he had seen on previous examinations represent an ethical decision?