A researcher has designed an experiment in which three groups of subjects are first surveyed regarding their attitudes toward various brands of snack food in general, and potato chips in particular.

The subjects are then told to “shop” for products they would purchase for a Super Bowl party if they were hosting such an event. Shopping takes place in a simulated supermarket environment controlled by the researcher, which is designed to mimic an actual grocery store. In the chip aisle, two of the three subject groups walk past a point-of-purchase display for Frito products, though the display shown differs for each group. Everything else in the store is the same. After completing the shopping exercise, the group is told that a brand was inadvertently left off of the survey, and the subjects are asked to complete it again. Identify the following: (1) independent variable(s),

(2) dependent variable(s), (3) treatment, (4) experimental notation depicting this experiment, and

(5) the formula for calculating the experimental effect.