10.20 Consider the following data from two independent groups: Liberals: 2, 1, 3, 2 Conservatives: 4, 3, 3, 5, 2, 4

a. Calculate s 2 for each group.

b. Calculate dfX, dfY , and dftotal.

c. Determine the critical values for t, assuming a two-tailed test with an alpha level of 0.05.

d. Calculate pooled variance, s 2 pooled .

e. Calculate the variance version of standard error for each group.

f. Calculate the variance and the standard deviation of the distribution of differences between means. g. Calculate the t statistic. h. Calculate the 95% confidence interval. i. Calculate Cohen’s d.