Define each of the following terms:

a. Synergy; merger
b. Horizontal merger; vertical merger; congeneric merger; conglomerate merger
c. Friendly merger; hostile merger; defensive merger; tender offer; target company; breakup value; acquiring company
d. Operating merger; financial merger
e. Adjusted present value (APV) model
f. Free cash flow to equity
g. Purchase accounting
h. White knight; proxy fight
i. Joint venture; corporate alliance
j. Divestiture; spin-off; leveraged buyout (LBO)
k. Holding company; operating company; parent company
l. Arbitrage; risk arbitrage