The chairman of a public limited company has written his annual report to the shareholders, extracts of which are quoted below.

Extract 1

'In May 2016, in order to provide a basis for more efficient operations, we acquired PAG Warehousing and Transport Ltd. The agreed valuation of the net tangible assets acquired was £1.4 million. The purchase consideration, £1.7 million, was satisfied by an issue of 6.4 million equity shares, of £0.25 per share, to PAG's shareholders. These shares do not rank for dividend until 2017.'

Extract 2

'As a measure of confidence in our ability to expand operations in 2017 and 2018, and to provide the necessary financial base, we issued £0.5 million 8% Redeemable Loan Stock, 2011/2017, 20 million 6% £1 Redeemable Preference Shares and 4 million £1 equity shares. The opportunity was also taken to redeem the whole of the 5 million 11 % £1 Redeemable Preference Shares.'

Required:
Answer the following questions on the above extracts.

Extract 1

(a) What does the difference of £0.3 million between the purchase consideration (£1.7m) and the net tangible assets value (£1.4m) represent?

(b) What does the difference of £0.1 million between the purchase consideration (£1.7m) and the nominal value of the equity shares (£1.6m) represent?

(c) What is the meaning of the term 'equity shares'?

(d) What is the meaning of the phrase 'do not rank for dividend'?
Extract 2

(e) In the description of the loan note issue, what is the significance of (1) 8%?
(2) 2011/2017?

(f) In the description of the preference share issue, what is the significance of (1) 6%?
(2) Redeemable?
(g) What is the most likely explanation for the company to have redeemed existing preference shares but at the same time to have issued others?
(h) What effect will these structural changes have had on the gearing of the company?
(j) Contrast the accounting treatment in the company's statement of profit or loss of the interest due on the loan notes with dividends proposed on the equity shares.
(k) Explain the reasons for the different treatments you have outlined in your answer to (j) above.