Provision for product warranty Warranty provisions are estimated with consideration of historical claims statistics, the warranty period, the average time-lag between faults occurring and claims to the company and anticipated changes in quality indexes. Estimated costs for product warranties are charged to cost of sales when the products are sold. Differences between actual warranty claims and the estimated claims generally affect the recognized expense and provisions in future periods. Refunds from 'suppliers, that decrease Volvo’s warranty costs, are recognized to the extent these are considered to be certain. At December 31,201 I (2010) warranty cost provisions amounted to 8,652 (7,841).

1. Prepare Volvo’s journal entry to record its estimated warranty liabilities (provisions) for 2011.
2. Prepare Volvo’s journal entry to record its costs (utilizations) related to its warranty program for 2011. Assume those costs involve replacements taken out of Inventory, with no cash involved.
3. How much warranty expense does Volvo report for 2011?

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Product warranty liabilities, December 31, 2010. Additional provisions to product warranty liabilities Utilizations and reductions of product warranty liabilities Product warranty liabilities, December 31, 2011 SEK 7,841 7,749 (6,938) 8,652